tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-39018917962298860202024-03-17T20:04:09.140-07:00Aboriginal Genealogy AustraliaPaul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.comBlogger217125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-60987673007507899102023-10-15T14:26:00.001-07:002023-10-15T14:26:21.495-07:00Another extract from 'Desert People: Study of the Walbiri Aborigines of Central Australia' <div>Another extract from</div><div>Desert People</div><div>M J Meggitt</div><div>University of Chicago Press 1962</div><div><br /></div><div><i>"In order to support my contention that, in making important</i></div><div><i>decisions, the people think in terms of genealogy and community</i></div><div><i>and not of subsection affiliation, I shall present a detailed case history</i></div><div><i>of the behaviour involved in a dispute over the disposal</i></div><div><i>of two women in marriage.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Malu djagamara died when his son, Louis djuburula, was a</i></div><div><i>lad, and Minyana, Malu's brother and Ngalia countryman, acted</i></div><div><i>as Louis' foster-father. Romeo djuburula, Minyana's son, and</i></div><div><i>Louis became close friends and often camped and hunted together.</i></div><div><i>They worked at the Hatches Creek wolfram mines during</i></div><div><i>the war years and moved to Yuendumu in 1946.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Louis had been circumcised by a "sister's son" and countryman,</i></div><div><i>the djabangari father (now dead) of Polly and Yma nabanangga,</i></div><div><i>who had given him Polly (a "in.in.b.d.d.") to "grow up" as a</i></div><div><i>wife. Later, Louis negotiated with another "sister's son" and</i></div><div><i>countryman, the djabangari father o£ Milly nabanangga, and</i></div><div><i>received her as his second wife. Then Polly's father gave him</i></div><div><i>Yma as a third wife, but, as Romeo had not yet received a</i></div><div><i>wife from his own circumciser, another djabangari "sister's son"</i></div><div><i>and countryman, Louis charitably handed Yma on to him.</i></div><div><i>Soon afterwards, Romeo acquired Minnie nabanangga, the wife</i></div><div><i>due to him, but also retained Yma. Finally, Louis arranged with</i></div><div><i>Minora djabangari, Milly's father's brother, to receive Elizabeth</i></div><div><i>nabanangga as another wife. Elizabeth was the daughter of</i></div><div><i>Minora's wife, Ruby nambidjimba, by a previous husband who</i></div><div><i>was the father's brother of Polly. During the time Romeo and</i></div><div><i>Louis had camped and worked together, they had often exchanged</i></div><div><i>wives temporarily.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>In 1949 or 1950 Romeo became insane and was taken from</i></div><div><i>Yuendumu to the Alice Springs hospital for observation and</i></div><div><i>treatment. He returned to Yuendumu some months later, apparently</i></div><div><i>cured. Louis told me that Romeo had several times before</i></div><div><i>behaved similarly, and his description of Romeo's behaviour</i></div><div><i>was of a manic-depressive syndrome. In 1952 Louis and Romeo</i></div><div><i>and their five wives were in the large party of Walbiri sent to</i></div><div><i>Hooker Creek. Within a few months Romeo again lapsed into</i></div><div><i>a depressed state, which culminated during Easter 1953 in a</i></div><div><i>violent outburst. He assaulted several men for no apparent</i></div><div><i>reason and, when placed under restraint, attempted to commit</i></div><div><i>suicide. He was sent to the Darwin hospital and, following a</i></div><div><i>diagnosis of insanity, was taken to Alice Springs. When Romeo</i></div><div><i>left Hooker Creek, Louis brought Yma and Minnie into his own</i></div><div><i>camp and treated them as his own wives. At the time, he and</i></div><div><i>other interested men asserted that he did this solely to protect</i></div><div><i>the women, whom he would relinquish when Romeo came back.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>By May 1953, however, some of the men were ready to accept</i></div><div><i>the superintendent's statement that Romeo was unlikely to</i></div><div><i>return - a contingency that would radically alter the status of</i></div><div><i>his wives. If he had withdrawn permanently from the society,</i></div><div><i>he was "dead" and his "widows" would have to remarry. Louis</i></div><div><i>would have none of this view; Romeo had come back before,</i></div><div><i>he said, and would do so again. Although fraternal affection</i></div><div><i>partly determined Louis' attitude, he also knew he could not</i></div><div><i>admit openly that Romeo was "dead", for the levirate would</i></div><div><i>then operate to his disadvantage. A widow should be given to</i></div><div><i>the deceased's "junior brother" and Louis was Romeo's senior</i></div><div><i>brother. Moreover, in the people's eyes, Louis was Romeo's own</i></div><div><i>brother; and a man should not accept his own brother's widows</i></div><div><i>lest their presence revive the keen grief he must feel for the dead</i></div><div><i>man.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Soon most of Louis' countrymen overtly opposed his keeping</i></div><div><i>the two women. Although some were genuinely concerned at</i></div><div><i>his flouting convention, others simply envied him his five wives.</i></div><div><i>Not even the old men, they said, had more than three wives</i></div><div><i>each. Yarry djabangari, a junior half-brother of Milly's late</i></div><div><i>father and of Minora, the step-father of Polly, Yma, and Elizabeth,</i></div><div><i>became the informal leader of Louis' critics. They not</i></div><div><i>only included the countrymen who hoped to marry the women</i></div><div><i>in question but also those who simply wanted to see fair play.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Two men in particular stood to gain if Louis relinquished</i></div><div><i>Romeo's wives. Paddy djuburula, a countryman and distant</i></div><div><i>junior brother o£ Louis, was the "M.M.B.D.S." of Yma and</i></div><div><i>Minnie. Although he had a wife, she was much older than he</i></div><div><i>and was an economic dependant rather than an asset to him;</i></div><div><i>he therefore needed another wife. Charlie djuburula, the junior</i></div><div><i>half-brother of Romeo, was a bachelor whose betrothed was only</i></div><div><i>three years old. Although in theory he was too closely related to</i></div><div><i>Romeo to receive one Of the women, the men who wished to</i></div><div><i>embarrass Louis were ready to overlook this obstacle. Indeed,</i></div><div><i>Yarry soon devised a plan to meet the problem. He demanded</i></div><div><i>that Louis give up his youngest wife, 12-years-old Elizabeth, who,</i></div><div><i>he argued, was really too immature for sexual intercourse; her</i></div><div><i>services were thus unnecessary to a man with four adult wives.</i></div><div><i>If Louis surrendered Elizabeth, no stigma of widowhood would</i></div><div><i>bar her from either Charlie and Paddy, and he could then retain</i></div><div><i>Yma and Minnie. But Louis stubbornly refused to accept this</i></div><div><i>compromise, and he and Yarry came to blows.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Already I had been told repeatedly that the whole affair legitimately</i></div><div><i>concerned only the Ngalia people in the camp. Members</i></div><div><i>of other communities held no rights in the dispute, for none of</i></div><div><i>them was in any way a "marriage boss" of the two women. Thus,</i></div><div><i>neither old Danny djungarai, their distant Waneiga "M.M.B.",</i></div><div><i>nor Ginger djabangari, their distant Waneiga "father", could</i></div><div><i>dictate their disposal. Yarry djabangari, on the other hand, was</i></div><div><i>in a strong position. Not only was he both a countryman and a</i></div><div><i>close father of the disputed women (being a half-brother of</i></div><div><i>their step-father), but his own wife's brother, Silent djambidjimba,</i></div><div><i>was also their close mother's brother; that is to say, Yarry had</i></div><div><i>married into their matriline. This gave him an advantage over</i></div><div><i>his own half-brother, Donny, whose wives came from a different</i></div><div><i>matriline, and even over old Mick, the women's step-father's</i></div><div><i>brother. Moreover, Mick lacked the personal drive necessary to</i></div><div><i>maintain pressure on Louis and would have been no match</i></div><div><i>for him in a fight.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Yarry's status had been clearly indicated in an earlier and</i></div><div><i>unrelated quarrel. Wagulgari djungarai had assaulted Yma when</i></div><div><i>she reprimanded him for stealing food from Louis' camp. Yarry</i></div><div><i>had defended her and thrashed Wagulgari, with no assistance</i></div><div><i>from either Donny or Mick. Wagulgari's father, Wally djabaldjari,</i></div><div><i>had in turn attacked Yarry, splitting his head and breaking</i></div><div><i>one of his fingers. Yarry then split old Wally's head open and</i></div><div><i>left him badly shaken. This fight accounted for Wally's vacillation</i></div><div><i>in the subsequent arguments over the women.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Silent, the uncle o£ Yma and Minnie, was not a forceful person,</i></div><div><i>although his quietness could be deceptive; despite his status as</i></div><div><i>close mother's brother, he was content to let Yarry do most of</i></div><div><i>the shouting. Two other young men, Norman and Long Jim</i></div><div><i>djambidjimba, were not of the women's matriline but were</i></div><div><i>involved as their countrymen and fairly close "mother's brothers".</i></div><div><i>Windy and Larry djungarai were also concerned, but only as</i></div><div><i>couhtrymen; although they were "M.M.B.", they were of another</i></div><div><i>matriline. Jack djagamara and his wife's brother, Wally djabaldjari,</i></div><div><i>were countrymen and the close "father" and "mother's</i></div><div><i>brother" respectively of the disputing djuburula men.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Meanwhile another dispute had broken out in the camp.</i></div><div><i>Windy djungarai, who was married to his "in.b.d.", Kitty naburula,</i></div><div><i>tired of her constant nagging and announced that he would</i></div><div><i>take a second wife, his widowed "in.in.b.d.d.", Joan nangala.</i></div><div><i>Two of the latter's co-widows had already been given to old</i></div><div><i>Danny djungarai, the countryman and "brother" of their late</i></div><div><i>husband; but Joan had remained for about nine months in the</i></div><div><i>widows' camp, during which time Windy had occasionally slept</i></div><div><i>with her. A few men grumbled at Windy's announcement, for</i></div><div><i>he was not a countryman of the dead djungarai man, but most</i></div><div><i>approved the proposed marriage. They knew that Joan had</i></div><div><i>previously been the mistress of her distant "son", Alec 11 djabaldjari,</i></div><div><i>and they were now anxious to see her safely married to a</i></div><div><i>suitable "M.M.B.D.S."</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>A few days after Louis and Yarry had fought for the first</i></div><div><i>time, the hawker paid a visit to Hooker Creek. He wished to</i></div><div><i>engage a married couple to work for him at Top Springs, so</i></div><div><i>Kitty, seeing an opportunity to separate Windy from Joan,</i></div><div><i>applied for the job. She had already asserted publicly that Joan</i></div><div><i>had been performing sorcery to make her ill and that she feared</i></div><div><i>to remain in the camp. But, despite her appeals, Windy refused</i></div><div><i>to go with the hawker. Hurt and indignant, Kitty took her child</i></div><div><i>and moved to the widows' camp. Next day, when Windy again</i></div><div><i>told her that he intended to marry Joan, Kitty upbraided him</i></div><div><i>and belaboured Joan with a club. Alec 11, angered by the loss</i></div><div><i>of his ex-mistress, also joined in and split open ]oan's head.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Throughout this dispute, Kitty's comments indicated that,</i></div><div><i>as Windy's "in.b.d.", she felt her marital status to be quite</i></div><div><i>insecure. She was merely an "alternative" wife, and she feared</i></div><div><i>that public opinion would support Windy.'s desire for a "preferred"</i></div><div><i>wife or "in.in.b.d.d." A temporary reconciliation followed</i></div><div><i>Kitty's fight with Joan, chiefly because Windy did not wish his</i></div><div><i>little daughter, Topsy, to live in the widows' camp. He brought</i></div><div><i>Kitty back to his camp and offered to postpone making a decision</i></div><div><i>about Joan. But, within a fortnight, he was once more sleeping</i></div><div><i>with Joan; and the two women fought again. Joan received a</i></div><div><i>broken finger and Kitty a split head. Kitty moved to the widows'</i></div><div><i>camp, and Joan entered Windy's camp as his wife. A few days</i></div><div><i>later, Jack djagamara and Wally djabaldjari, the countrymen</i></div><div><i>and close father and mother's brother respectively of Kitty, gave</i></div><div><i>her in marriage to Comedy djabanangga, her unmarried</i></div><div><i>"M.M.B.D.S." and countryman. Kitty's daughter went with her.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>This rearrangement of women again focused public attention</i></div><div><i>on the wives of Louis djuburula. Kitty was a close sister and</i></div><div><i>countrywoman o£ Charlie djuburula and, when she married</i></div><div><i>Comedy, Charlie asked for one of Comedy's close sisters in return</i></div><div><i>- in particular, he wanted Louis' wife, Milly, with whom he had</i></div><div><i>had an affair in the past. He could not have made a more unfortunate</i></div><div><i>choice. Milly was not only Louis' favourite wife but was</i></div><div><i>also the mother of his only child, Della, on whom he doted.</i></div><div><i>Louis naturally rejected Charlie's demand and, when Charlie</i></div><div><i>threatened to spear Louis, Milly's "fathers", Yarry and Donny</i></div><div><i>djabangari, intervened to warn him off. Although they privately</i></div><div><i>sympathized with Charlie, they could not openly support his</i></div><div><i>show of force nor his selection of the only mother among Louis'</i></div><div><i>wives. Indeed, Milly herself did not wish to join Charlie. When</i></div><div><i>she said so, Netta, the wife of Jack djagamara and the close</i></div><div><i>mother o£ Charlie, at once attacked her for not favouring Charlie.</i></div><div><i>She broke Milly's hand and received a split head in return. Alec</i></div><div><i>11 promptly took advantage of the general confusion to thrash</i></div><div><i>his ex-mistress, Joan, once more to punish her for deserting him.</i></div><div><i>Windy retaliated but did him no serious harm.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>An uneasy peace followed the fights. Kitty several times stated</i></div><div><i>that she wished to return to Windy. Although Comedy was a</i></div><div><i>handsome and dignified young man, kind and attentive to Kitty</i></div><div><i>and her daughter, and was also her "proper" husband, Kitty</i></div><div><i>found the ties of her earlier marriage were still strong. Her</i></div><div><i>"marriage bosses", however, ordered her to remain with Comedy.</i></div><div><i>Windy in any case was now satisfied with the taciturn Joan and</i></div><div><i>had no desire to listen again to Kitty's nagging. Occasionally</i></div><div><i>old Danny djungarai, who had acquired both of ]oan's cowidows,</i></div><div><i>made a disturbance by ordering Windy to hand Joan</i></div><div><i>over to him; but, as Danny was too old to support his unreasonable</i></div><div><i>demands with force, Windy simply ignored the outbursts.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>By now Louis had openly claimed Yma and Minnie as his</i></div><div><i>jural wives and asserted that he would not surrender them.</i></div><div><i>Consequently, many men who had earlier regarded Romeo as</i></div><div><i>dead now hoped that he would return and spear Louis for his</i></div><div><i>presumption. Then in August Louis made a move nicely calculated</i></div><div><i>to detach at least one man frcm the ranks of his opponents.</i></div><div><i>In the widows' camp dwelt Rosie naburula, whose husband had</i></div><div><i>gone to Yuendumu and left her and her seven-years-old daughter,</i></div><div><i>Florrie, temporarily under the protection of her close brother,</i></div><div><i>Louis. Florrie was already betrothed to Silent, the mother's</i></div><div><i>brother of Yma and Minnie, so Louis (quite legitimately) urged</i></div><div><i>Rosie to send the girl to Silent at once. By thus anticipating</i></div><div><i>Silent's request, Louis hoped to place him under a debt of</i></div><div><i>gratitude and gain his support in the dispute. His action did</i></div><div><i>in i.act keep Silent more or less neutral in the interminable discussions</i></div><div><i>still in progress.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>At this stage of the dispute, Louis was advancing a number of</i></div><div><i>arguments to justify his retention of the two women:</i></div><div><i>(a) When Romeo had been removed, he had freely "given"</i></div><div><i>the women to Louis. (As Romeo was insane and under restraint</i></div><div><i>for several days before his departure, this seems improbable.)</i></div><div><i>(b) Wally and Larry, the women's countrymen, had advised</i></div><div><i>Louis to keep the women. (Wally had certainly done so, just</i></div><div><i>as he had pressed Yarry to act against Louis. Disliking both men,</i></div><div><i>he was ready to say anything that would keep the quarrel alive.</i></div><div><i>His close son, Larry, half-heartedly supported Louis, for he had</i></div><div><i>not forgiven Yarry's earlier attack on old Wally.)</i></div><div><i>(c) The women's close mother's brothers had told Louis to</i></div><div><i>retain the women. (This was true; Silent was under an obligation</i></div><div><i>to Louis, while both Norman and Long Jim disapproved of the</i></div><div><i>frequency with which Yarry beat his own wives, who were their</i></div><div><i>close sisters.)</i></div><div><i>(d) Mick, a close father of the women, had supported Louis'</i></div><div><i>claim. (Unfortunately for Louis, Mick's opinions varied with</i></div><div><i>his audiences, and he had just as readily assured Yarry that Louis</i></div><div><i>had no right to the women.)</i></div><div><i>(e) Louis and Romeo had regularly exchanged wives</i></div><div><i>past. (This fact was simply irrelevant to the question</i></div><div><i>permanent disposal Of the women.)</i></div><div><i>(f) Yma had once been Louis' own wife and he had given</i></div><div><i>her freely to Romeo. (For most men, this was the strongest basis</i></div><div><i>o£ Louis' claim.)</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Yarry, as the spokesman for the opposition, put forward a</i></div><div><i>number of counter arguments:</i></div><div><i>(a) If Romeo was "dead", Louis was obviously too close a</i></div><div><i>brother to receive the women through the levirate. (Most men</i></div><div><i>agreed that this was an importam consideration.)</i></div><div><i>(b) 1£ Romeo was not "dead", his wives should live chastely</i></div><div><i>in the widows' camp until he returned. (This was Yarry's own</i></div><div><i>re-interpretation of customary procedure to meet a novel situation;</i></div><div><i>few men accepted it.)</i></div><div><i>(c) As it seemed unlikely that Romeo would return, the</i></div><div><i>women should be given to his "younger brothers", Charlie and</i></div><div><i>Paddy, who were in need of active, adult wives. (This was also</i></div><div><i>a strong argument.)</i></div><div><i>(d) The opinions of Silent, Norman and Long Jim had no</i></div><div><i>force, for there were closer mother's brothers of the women</i></div><div><i>living at Yuendumu. (Yarry was on shaky ground here. Not only</i></div><div><i>was Silent a very close uncle, but also, in the absence of any</i></div><div><i>actual mother's brothers, all three men did have the right to</i></div><div><i>discuss the women's disposal.)</i></div><div><i>(e) As close fathers, Yarry and Donny had as much authority</i></div><div><i>over the women as did Mick and Minora. (This was true of</i></div><div><i>Yarry, but not of Donny.)</i></div><div><i>(f) Irrespective of all other considerations, Louis should not</i></div><div><i>have had five wives; this was too many for any man.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Many of the men were by this time wearying of the dispute,</i></div><div><i>and Yarry feared that he would lose their tacit support. So, to</i></div><div><i>revive their interest, he personally took the quarrel to Louis.</i></div><div><i>After a noisy argument that lasted all one night, Yarry chal-</i></div><div><i>1enged him to a public duel. Onlookers were unsure what Yarry</i></div><div><i>hoped to achieve by this; but they all agreed that, whoever won,</i></div><div><i>Yarry could not in clear conscience pursue his vendetta if he</i></div><div><i>wounded Louis. Louis was eager to capitalize on Yarry's tactical</i></div><div><i>error and next day came heavily armed to one side of the</i></div><div><i>general camp. Yarry, similarly armed, appeared at the other side.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>All the women and children had been sent away; the other</i></div><div><i>men sat talking in the middle of the camp and ostentatiously</i></div><div><i>ignored the combatants. After a pregnant silence, Yarry burst</i></div><div><i>into a long tirade, in which he touched on Louis' sexual habits</i></div><div><i>and immoral behaviour, while he extolled the purity of his</i></div><div><i>own motives. Louis replied in similar vein but with a humour</i></div><div><i>that drew chuckles from the audience. As Yarry's anger mounted,</i></div><div><i>everyone took cover. He then hurled boomerangs at Louis and</i></div><div><i>narrowly missed him. Quick to put Yarry at a disadvantage,</i></div><div><i>Louis did not retaliate; but his distant "mother's brother",</i></div><div><i>slow-witted Jimmy djabaldjari, marred the effect of this shrewd</i></div><div><i>self-restraint by throwing a boomerang at Yarry and hitting</i></div><div><i>Alec I djabaldjari in error. Incensed, Alec returned the blow,</i></div><div><i>and everyone was swept into the confused brawl that erupted.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Louis' moderation on this occasion had gained him some</i></div><div><i>sympathy, but his stubborn determination to keep five wives</i></div><div><i>still galled many men. Yarry realized that, although he had</i></div><div><i>lost ground by demanding the abortive duel, he could still</i></div><div><i>exert a certain amount of pressure on Louis. The general attitude</i></div><div><i>in the camp now was that Louis should relinquish one</i></div><div><i>of his wives, so that public opinion would prevent Yarry from</i></div><div><i>carrying on the dispute.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Meanwhile, Louis was having domestic troubles. Emboldened</i></div><div><i>by his general unpopularity, Charlie, Paddy and Jim Tulum</i></div><div><i>djuburula took every opportunity to copulate with his wives-</i></div><div><i>Charlie with Milly, Paddy with Minnie, and Jim with Yma.</i></div><div><i>Louis could not watch all the women simultaneously and, as</i></div><div><i>he knew what was afoot, he daily grew more morose. The fact</i></div><div><i>that everyone was aware of the situation and did not trouble to</i></div><div><i>hide their smiles added to his discomfort. Moreover, Yma and</i></div><div><i>Minnie had been growing less willing to be members of a group</i></div><div><i>of five co-wives, so that Louis' uncertain temper simply increased</i></div><div><i>their desire to find other husbands.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Up to this point, none of the men in the dispute had bothered</i></div><div><i>to consult the opinions of the women concerned; such an action</i></div><div><i>would have been foreign to the accepted way of arranging</i></div><div><i>marriages. Consequently, the next episode in the chain of</i></div><div><i>events startled everyone. The five wives o£ Louis simply took</i></div><div><i>up their swags and moved to the widows' camp, announcing</i></div><div><i>that they were tired of the whole affair and would remain with</i></div><div><i>the widows until they had decided what they wanted to do.</i></div><div><i>All the men were quite at a loss, for, as they told me ruefully,</i></div><div><i>this sort of thing had never happened before. Indeed, they saw</i></div><div><i>the "revolt" as a direct attack on male prestige. Had there been</i></div><div><i>no European authority present to shield the women, the latter</i></div><div><i>would have been thrashed into submission; but, as it was, all</i></div><div><i>the men, even including Yarry; found themselves supporting</i></div><div><i>Louis' attempts to induce the women to return to his camp.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Within a few days, however, the rebels' solidarity had weakened</i></div><div><i>to the extent that Polly and Elizabeth visited Louis' camp</i></div><div><i>to cook his food and to sleep with him. The other three women,</i></div><div><i>having lovers, were content to remain in the widows' camp.</i></div><div><i>Wally and Mick then urged Louis to give up Milly and, if necesssary,</i></div><div><i>Minnie, while they tried to persuade Yma to rejoin him.</i></div><div><i>Louis flatly refused to do this; he wanted his daughter, Della,</i></div><div><i>to return with Milly. He seemed also to place greater reliance</i></div><div><i>on the efficacy of the love-magic he was performing in the bush</i></div><div><i>than on the success of human intervention.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>It was now October, and public attention was diverted from</i></div><div><i>Louis' problems by the preparations for the opening ceremonies</i></div><div><i>connected with the circumcision of two djabanangga boys, the</i></div><div><i>sons o£ Yarry and Mick. As all the djuburula men concerned</i></div><div><i>in the dispute over the women were the close "sister's husbands"</i></div><div><i>of the novices, they were deeply involved in these ceremonies and</i></div><div><i>had little opportunity for argument. Indeed, quarrelling would</i></div><div><i>have been most improper in these circumstances, a fact that the</i></div><div><i>ritual "bosses" of the boys clearly had in mind when they</i></div><div><i>organized the lads' seclusion.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>By the time the circumcision ceremonies had concluded, all</i></div><div><i>o£ Louis' wives were again residing in his camp, although three</i></div><div><i>of them still met their lovers regularly in the bush. Louis began</i></div><div><i>one inconclusive fight with Jim Tulum over the latter's association</i></div><div><i>with Yma, but, deciding that three half-loaves were better</i></div><div><i>than none, he did not go on with the matter. A few days later,</i></div><div><i>however, when Yma returned from another tryst with Tulum</i></div><div><i>(who was then tailing cattle), she was savagely beaten by Big</i></div><div><i>Polly, the wife of Romeo's father's brother, Jack djagamara. Big</i></div><div><i>Polly asserted that Romeo would one day come home; until then</i></div><div><i>Yma and Minnie should live chastely in the widows' camp. Yma</i></div><div><i>was badly knocked about in this encounter; but Louis took no</i></div><div><i>overt action. Instead, he slipped into the camp of the absent</i></div><div><i>Tulum and seduced the latter's young wife, Nellie, who was also</i></div><div><i>his "in.in.b.d.d." A noisy argument followed when Tulum learned</i></div><div><i>of this, but he did not attack Louis. He considered his liaison</i></div><div><i>with Yma to be adequate compensation.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Shortly after this affair, Milly discovered that she was pregnant.</i></div><div><i>Although everyone in the camp was sure that Charlie was</i></div><div><i>the father, Louis, desirous of more children, said nothing. Childless</i></div><div><i>Polly, who had generally stood by Louis in his troubles,</i></div><div><i>envied Milly's good fortune and was angered by Louis' complacent</i></div><div><i>acceptance of the situation. She therefore thrashed Milly</i></div><div><i>with a club and, when Louis intervened, turned on him and</i></div><div><i>broke his forearm. He made very little fuss about his injury,</i></div><div><i>for he did not wish to antagonize Polly further. But, from then</i></div><div><i>on, she spent more time in the widows' camp than she did with</i></div><div><i>Louis.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>In November a working party that included Paddy djuburula</i></div><div><i>camped for several weeks at the Seven Miles Bore to cut fenceposts.</i></div><div><i>In its absence Louis at last decided he could no longer</i></div><div><i>tolerate his unhappy domestic arrangements. He publicly withdrew</i></div><div><i>his claim to Minnie and sent her to live in the widows'</i></div><div><i>camp. Charlie djuburula, who now realized that he had little</i></div><div><i>hope of detaching Milly permanently from Louis, promptly</i></div><div><i>severed his association with her and made Minnie his mistress.</i></div><div><i>At the same time he announced that he wished to marry Minnie.</i></div><div><i>While Yarry, Donny, Mick, Silent and the other interested men</i></div><div><i>were debating his request, Paddy returned from the bore. He</i></div><div><i>was furious when he found that he had been forestalled, and</i></div><div><i>he kept up a running argument with Charlie for days. This</i></div><div><i>culminated in a bloody duel with knives.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Yarry, as a close father of the disputed woman, intervened on</i></div><div><i>Paddy's behalf, for he had borne a grudge against Charlie for</i></div><div><i>some time. Charlie had been a ritual guardian during the recent</i></div><div><i>seclusion of Yarry's son, and it was strongly suspected that he</i></div><div><i>had practised sodomy with the boy. As definite evidence was</i></div><div><i>lacking, Yarry had simply berated Charlie, whose mother's</i></div><div><i>brother, Wally djabaldjari, had also beaten him with a boomerang.</i></div><div><i>Now, when Paddy and Charlie began to fight, Yarry tried</i></div><div><i>to spear the latter. Silent, Minnie's close mother's brother and</i></div><div><i>Charlie's friend, protected Charlie from Yarry, whereupon Comedy,</i></div><div><i>Yarry's close son, broke Silent's arm with a boomerang.</i></div><div><i>All the countrymen then joined in the fight - including Rosie and</i></div><div><i>Kitty naburula, who split open Minnie's head as punishment for</i></div><div><i>causing trouble between their close brothers.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Charlie and Paddy, meanwhile, had hacked each other's back</i></div><div><i>and shoulders to ribbons, until both had collapsed, exhausted.</i></div><div><i>As each had drawn blood in great quantities, their dispute was</i></div><div><i>ended; so they sat peacefully side by side and watched the rest</i></div><div><i>of their countrymen brawl around them. The genuineness of</i></div><div><i>their reconciliation was indicated later when Paddy publicly</i></div><div><i>supported Charlie's demand for Minnie. Yarry then did not</i></div><div><i>oppose the request; he regarded his vendetta with Louis as more</i></div><div><i>important than his grudge against Charlie. Within a month,</i></div><div><i>Minnie was installed in Charlie's camp as his wife.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>Louis had carefully kept out of these quarrels, and his next</i></div><div><i>action was to negotiate with old William djuburula for a temporary</i></div><div><i>exchange of wives. Polly, who objected to being one o£</i></div><div><i>four co-wives, had been spending more time in the widows'</i></div><div><i>camp. This was largely a matter of principle with her, for she had</i></div><div><i>no lover. Louis, therefore, suggested that she live with William</i></div><div><i>for a few weeks. In his camp she would be one of only two</i></div><div><i>co-wives. Polly agreed, and William gave Louis his senior wife,</i></div><div><i>Melba, in return. In this way Louis made it unlikely that Polly's</i></div><div><i>discontent would lead her to take a lover, but at the same time</i></div><div><i>he retained his jural claim on her. In addition, he acquired the</i></div><div><i>dubious privilege of sleeping with Melba, who, by Walbiri standards,</i></div><div><i>was extraordinarily ugly. The arrangement lasted for about</i></div><div><i>three weeks, when Polly said she wanted to return to Louis. I</i></div><div><i>do not know whether Louis counted on Polly's revulsion from</i></div><div><i>the older man sending her back to him and not to the widows'</i></div><div><i>camp, but I suspect that he did. He was a very shrewd man.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>By January 1954 a position had been reached that was unchanged</i></div><div><i>when I left Hooker Creek in March. Kitty and Comedy,</i></div><div><i>Windy and Joan, and Charlie and Minnie were legally married.</i></div><div><i>Milly and Elizabeth resided with Louis and had no lovers. Polly,</i></div><div><i>also without a lover, alterated between Louis' camp and that of</i></div><div><i>the widows, despite his attempts to induce her to remain with</i></div><div><i>him permanently. Yma lived in Louis' camp, but she continued</i></div><div><i>her covert association with Jim Tulum. Louis knew of this, and</i></div><div><i>the two men frequently quarrelled. All the countrymen of Louis</i></div><div><i>who had previously busied themselves with his affairs now elaborately</i></div><div><i>ignored his problems. Having forced him to relinquish one</i></div><div><i>of the women, they were content to let matters rest for a time.</i></div><div><i>But I have no doubt that, using the same technique of attrition,</i></div><div><i>they later managed to detach either Polly or Yma from his menage.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>This history has several interesting aspects. It clearly illustraces</i></div><div><i>the virtual absence of private life in an Aboriginal community</i></div><div><i>and indicates how mechanisms of social control operate</i></div><div><i>when a person flouts convention but does not transgress basic</i></div><div><i>laws. Louis' countrymen were not aiming to punish him formally;</i></div><div><i>they merely wished to bring him back into line with the group.</i></div><div><i>Notice how the chain of events appeared to trail off inconclusively.</i></div><div><i>This was precisely what`Louis' critics desired, for it left</i></div><div><i>the way open for them to renew the pressure on him whenever</i></div><div><i>they chose to do so. None wanted a cut-and-dried settlement of</i></div><div><i>the dispute.</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>But what is most to the point here is the demonstration of the</i></div><div><i>way in which the Walbiri take genealogical connection and community</i></div><div><i>affiliation to be the significant determinants of the exercise</i></div><div><i>of authority in general and of marriage arrangements in particular.</i></div><div><i>Kinship provides the framework wit.him which wives are</i></div><div><i>selected and, in conjunction with community membership, defines</i></div><div><i>the people who have the right to allocate specific women</i></div><div><i>as those wives. Thus, throughout the protracted and complicated</i></div><div><i>manoeuvrings I have just described, none of the protagonists</i></div><div><i>tried to justify his actions by invoking subsection affiliation, nor</i></div><div><i>were any of the relevant rules and conventions ever formulated</i></div><div style="text-align: left;"><i>in such terms." </i></div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-15358813099555546232023-07-12T23:37:00.002-07:002023-07-12T23:37:31.353-07:00Native Title Authorisation Meetings<p>The claim area is roughly bounded by Port Douglas, Mossman, Mount Molloy, Mareeba and Cairns.</p><p>These meetings are being called to consider the important question as to whether or not the Yirrganydji (Irukandji) People
(QUD14/2019) and Yirrganydji (Irukandji) People #2 (QUD337/2015) claims should be COMBINED with the Djabugay Nation
(QUD692/2016) claim comprising of the Djabugay, Bulway, Yirrganydji, Nyakali and Guluy Peoples.</p><p>Meeting 1 - Djabugay Nation (QUD692/2016) Claim Group comprising the Djabugay, Bulway, Yirrganydji, Nyakali and Guluy peoples. </p><div style="text-align: left;">Apical ancestors are listed as follows</div><div style="text-align: left;"><div>1. Biddy Tangir Coleman;</div><div>2. George Coleman;</div><div>3. Ginny/Jinny Njujingai;</div><div>4. Worundu and Maritjima (parents of Ernest Bounghi);</div><div>5. Billy Boyle;</div><div>6. Nellie Kuranda nee Street (mother of Topsy Thomas and others);</div><div>7. Andrew Thomas aka Billy;</div><div>8. Jerry Bardon;</div><div>9. Maggie (mother Janie Clarke nee Brown);</div><div>10. Robert Clarke;</div><div>11. Joshua Barron;</div><div>12. Merukan (father of Toby Brim and others);</div><div>13. Annie Brim;</div><div>14. Barney Hunter and Minnie Street;</div><div>15. Tambo/Sambo Street and Kitty Street;</div><div>16. Jimmy Hobbler;</div><div>17. Billy Hobbler;</div><div>18. Tommy Newbury;</div><div>19. Jimmy Newbury and Polly Thompson;</div><div>20. Waikanigai;</div><div>21. Joe and Annie Davidson;</div><div>22. Andrew Dabah;</div><div>23. Billy Long and Nellie (parents of Nellie Hastie);</div><div>24. Jimmy and Nellie Street;</div><div>25. Jinny (mother of Tambo Banning);</div><div>26. Minnie (mother of Buttercup Banning);</div><div>27. Billy and Rosie (parents of Bella Robinson who raised Charlie Levers and Peter Banning);</div><div>28. Annie Courtney;</div><div>29. Polly Courtney;</div><div>30. Kitty Courtney (mother of Dick Richardson and others);</div><div>31. Charlie (who partnered Kitty Courtney);</div><div>32. Molly Dingga and her partners Ngunbitji and Patupita;</div><div>33. Tommy Hobson and his partners Cissie and Rose;</div><div>34. Kitty Donald;</div><div>35. Nellie and Micky (parents of Mary Anne Lawrence);</div><div>36. Cissie Hunter/ Fourmile;</div><div>37. Wulwai;</div><div>38. Waimbul and Jakere;</div><div>39. Jikangoman (mother of Charlie Hyde);</div><div>40. Nellie of Redlynch (who partnered Jiritju);</div><div>41. Charlie Fourmile;</div><div>42. Walter Fourmile;</div><div>43. Billy Jagar;</div><div>44. Kitty Ikitjiti (mother of Maggie Aleck);</div><div>45. Lizzie and Peter Harwood;</div><div>46. Frank and Jinnie of Redlynch;</div><div>47. Billy and Rosie of Speewah;</div><div>48. Jeanie Graper;</div><div>49. Charlie McGrath aka Frank Lyons;</div><div>50. Nellie (mother of Peter, Charlie, Mick and Phillip Reid);</div><div>51. Henry of Barron River;</div><div>52. Old Man Manga/Mange;</div><div>53. Niju Wu of Double Island</div><div><br /></div><div>Meeting 2 - Yirrganydji (Irukandji) People (QUD14/2019) & Yirrganydji (IrukandjI) People #2 (QUD337/2015) Claim Groups</div><div><br /></div><div>Apical ancestors are listed as follows</div><div><div>1. Biddy Tangir Coleman</div><div>2. Billy Boyle</div><div>3. Ernest Bounghi</div><div>4. (King) Billy Jagar and sister Ginny (Jinny/Njunjingai)</div><div>5. Henry of Barron River </div><div>6. Janie Brown (nee Clark)</div><div>7. Jerry Bardon</div><div>8. Joshua Barron</div><div>9. Niji Wu of Double Island</div><div>10. Old man Manga/Mange</div><div>11. Robert Clarke.</div></div><div><br /></div><div>Appeared in the Koori Mail dated July 12, 2023.</div></div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-29772150130739628022023-04-18T15:48:00.000-07:002023-04-18T15:48:47.200-07:00QC2022/008 - Waanyi People #3 Native Title Claim<p style="text-align: left;"> The native title claim group is the Waanyi People.</p><p style="text-align: left;">A person is a Waanyi person if and only if:</p><p style="text-align: left;">1. the other Waanyi people recognise that he or she is descended (which may include by adoption) from a person who they recognise as having been Waanyi; and</p><p style="text-align: left;">2. the person identifies himself or herself as a Waanyi person.</p><p style="text-align: left;">It is accepted that adoption may take place and that where adoption has occurred it confers upon the adoptee the right to identify as being a Waanyi person.</p><p style="text-align: left;">The following deceased persons are recognised as having been Waanyi people from whom living Waanyi people may be descended:</p><p style="text-align: left;">1. King George (Gundawarinya), Mary Starr (Namura), Marrandu</p><p style="text-align: left;">2. Johnny Rockland (Guyanda)</p><p style="text-align: left;">3. Wuragaga (including his sons Toby Daly and Charlie Walden)</p><p style="text-align: left;">4. Wirduga (including her sons King Pedro and Fred Mangala), Yurumburinya, Gudurju, Jagijagi (including her children Left-hand Dick, King Darby, Violet Darby), Lagayi, and Brenda Munara (including her children Duncan Hogan, Julie Darby, Dan Darby, Clara Darby, Frank Hogan, Arthur Peterson) </p><p style="text-align: left;">5. Jack Riversleigh (including his children Doris Aplin and Vera Johnny, Annie King and Elaine Cairns)</p><p style="text-align: left;">6. Diana (Dina) Jackson</p><p style="text-align: left;">7. Fred Mangala (including his children Jimmy Doolan, Tommy Doolan, Oscar Gregory and Queenie Bell) and King Pedro (including his children Dinny, Jock and Cubby Pedro)</p><p style="text-align: left;">8. Janggali (including his son Yarribija’s children: Duncan Hogan, Julie Darby, Dan Darby, Clara Darby, Frank Hogan, Arthur Peterson; and his daughter Muranji’s daughters: Jamuyu and Lidi Wayawarrinya)</p><p style="text-align: left;">9. King Darby, Left Hand Dick and Violet Darby</p><p style="text-align: left;">10. Ruby Lilwayi (including her daughter Elsie Foster), Polly Nganduyu (including her children: Nancy Carlton, Ned George, Sally O’Keefe, Bubi Dick, Netty Malbow and Nuts Logan), May Black Nijirijbina (including her children Nancy Wilson, Nora Black, Dora Doolan nee Black and Archie Black), Ruby Gijaya (including her children Mavis Carlton, Junie Clay, Maurice Carlton, Marina Dick, Mick Miller, Murray Donaldson), and Mailman Dick Gungayamaji (including his child Ivy George Ngayaya)</p><p style="text-align: left;">11. Smiler Diamond (including his children: Mick Diamond Nguyjbirri and Jack Diamond Bandangala and Sydney Punjaub and Ruby)</p><p style="text-align: left;">12. Mailman Jack Libaninji (including his son Fred Carlton Gajangga, daughter Rosie and her daughter Betty Lloyd Jayinbalina, and son Ned Ngaragulanji and his children Bessie Holt and Colin Holt)</p><p style="text-align: left;">13. Rosie (including her daughter Lena Saville)</p><p style="text-align: left;">14. June Jacob</p><p style="text-align: left;">15. Opal</p><p style="text-align: left;">16. Minnie (Myboogundji)</p><div><br /></div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-33836870514953514652023-03-08T17:24:00.000-08:002023-03-08T17:24:29.231-08:00Eastern Kuku Yalanji People #2 Native Title Claim<div style="text-align: left;">The Eastern Kuku Yalanji People’s native title claim group is comprised of those Aboriginal persons who are descended by birth or by adoption in accordance with the traditional laws and customs of the Eastern Kuku Yalanji People from one or more of the following ancestors:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Register extract is <a href="http://www.nntt.gov.au/searchRegApps/NativeTitleRegisters/RNTC%20Extracts/QC2022_007/RNTCExtract_QC2022_007.pdf"><b>here</b></a></div><div style="text-align: left;">External boundary description is <a href="http://www.nntt.gov.au/searchRegApps/NativeTitleRegisters/RNTC%20Extracts/QC2022_007/QC2022_007%20External%20Boundary%20Description%20-%20Attachment%20B%20of%20the%20application.pdf"><b>here</b></a></div><div style="text-align: left;">Map of the application area is <a href="http://www.nntt.gov.au/searchRegApps/NativeTitleRegisters/RNTC%20Extracts/QC2022_007/QC2022_007%20Map%20of%20the%20application%20area%20-%20Attachment%20C%20of%20the%20application.pdf"><b>here</b></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />1. Siblings Wawuyilkinga, Lily Kajakaja, Ulurban, Kurlur, Juwalkji, Jinabaji;<br />2. Kilkil (Gilgil) and Yougie (Emera);<br />3. Ngamubaralba;<br />4. Jimmy Johnson Snr and his brothers Toby King and Peter King;<br />5. Brothers Billy King, Willie King 1 and Willie King 2;<br />6. Siblings Nambaji, Bijun (Dangara) and Jimmy (Mandilba) Rossville;<br />7. Old Man Jimmy and Sarah;<br />8. Kurukuna and Nellie;<br />9. Bluja King Kunarra and his three wives Ngingkibaji #1 and Ngingkibaji #2, and Baral-Baral;<br />10. Dimbanga and Mara Baril Baril;<br />11. Sisters Mujala and Rosie;<br />12. Brothers Dickie Springvale and Mundy Nunn;<br />13. Jilngarr;<br />14. Burradi and Wawu Dimbi;<br />15. Siblings Jimmy, Polly (Jukura), Nellie (Wuynkul-baka), Charlie (Junjurr or Munjurr), Lily (Jabi or Chubby) Blanket;<br />16. Rosie Gurrmurragudgee;<br />17. Brothers George Doughboy, Toby Bloomfield and Peter Bloomfield (Kalka Jurungu);<br />18. Brothers Charlie Ball (Dirrakari) and Billy Collins and Davey Douglas and Sandy Peterson;<br />19. Isabella Henderson (Wawu-kuwa)<br />20. Ginny Bamboo;<br />21. Siblings Archibald (Bauly) Mossman, Jessie Mossman (Bawanya) and Billy Mossman;<br />22. Siblings Jessie Buchanan (Babi Milbija or Narrijinya) and King Charlie Diamond;<br />23. Henry Bloomfield;<br />24. Yangki and Buji;<br />25. Willy Ngamu-Darrba and his two wives Molly Kalumba and Yimaday;<br />26. Kalkamanangu and Duraja;<br />27. Kalkaymba;<br />28. Rosie Maund Jankarji and her husbands Tommy Jinjarrba Lefthand, Tommy Ngangkun Johnson (Buchanan), Barney Lunn (Lund), Billie Lunn (Lund) and Tommy Jindalman Hide;<br />29. Big Friday Ngamu-Ngulmbay and Ruby;<br />30. Leslie Yerry;<br />31. Brothers King Toby and Old Man Toby (Jinjirrba);<br />32. Maggie Queen;<br />33. Siblings Miliji, Kalkabinda, Kuruwuja, Peter Smith (Marray-Marray or Murranbi or Jinakulu);<br />34. Kitty Wulbar (Maymi);<br />35. Rosie Rosie;<br />36. Brothers Old Man Juwalba (Willie Cross-eye) and Wunbu Cross-eye;<br />37. Jimmy Mossman;<br />38. Wabaji;<br />39. Old Kokoe;<br />40. Charlie Ogilvie and Maggie;<br />41. Old Man Yorkey and Rosie;<br />42. George Mero;<br />43. Old Man Kooka and Maudie;<br />44. Jerry Wotton and Frances Diamond.</div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-74734308043516691802023-01-30T19:14:00.003-08:002023-01-30T23:10:29.079-08:00New digital Aboriginal Census files from the Northern Territory at the National Archives of Australia<p> The following Aboriginal Census reports from Series E944 at the National Archives of Australia are now digitally available at the NAA web site. Unfortunately they can mostly only be downloaded page by page although it would have been simple to merge the individual pages into a single PDF file to download.</p><div style="text-align: left;">AILERON<span style="white-space: pre;"> <br /></span>ALCOOTA<br />ALEXANDRIA DOWNS<br />ANGAS DOWNS<br />ANTHONY LAGOON<br />AVON DOWNS<br />BAGOT 1971<br />BALBIRINI<br />BATCHELOR<br />BAUHINIA DOWNS<br />BORROLOOLA 2<br />BORROLOOLA 3<br />BRUNETTE DOWNS 1<br />BULGUL<br />CAMFIELD<br />CAPE DON<br />CONISTON<br />COOLIBAH<br />COOPERS CREEK<span style="white-space: pre;"> <br /></span>CRESSWELL DOWNS<br />DALY RIVER MISSION 1<br />DOCKER RIVER 1<br />DOCKER RIVER 2<br />DOCKER RIVER 3<br />ELLIOTT<br />ELSEY<br />EPENNARA<br />ERNABELLA<br />EVA DOWNS<br />FINNIS RIVER STATION<br />FITZROY<br />GARDEN POINT<br />GEORGINA DOWNS<br />GROOTE EYLANDT 3<br />HAASTS BLUFF<br />HARTS RANGE<br />HAYFIELD STATION<br />HODGSON DOWNS<br />HORSESHOE BEND<br />HUMPTY DOO<br />HUMBERT RIVER<br />HOOKER CREEK 2<br />IDRACOWRA STATION<br />JAY CREEK<br />KALALA<br />LAKE NASH<br />KILLARNEY<br />KOOLPINYAH<br />KULALUK<br />LEGUNE STATION<br />LITCHFIELD<br />MCARTHUR RIVER<br />MAINORU STATION<br />MARRAKAI<br />MILINGIMBI<br />MISTAKE CREEK<br />MONTEJINNI<br />MOUNT BUNDY<br />MOUNT EBENEZER<br />MUDGINBERRI<br />NEWCASTLE WATERS 1<br />NEWCASTLE WATERS 2<br />NGUIU 1<br />NGUIU 2<br />NGUIU 3<br />NGUKURR 1<br />OENPELLI 6<br />O T DOWNS<br />PAPUNYA 1<br />PAPUNYA 2<br />PAPUNYA 3<br />PAPUNYA 4<br />PAPUNYA 5<br />PAPUNYA 6<br />PAPUNYA 7<br />PAPUNYA 8<br />PAPUNYA 9<br />QUEENSLAND<br />RENNER SPRINGS<br />RIDSDALES<br />ROPER VALLEY<br />SINGLETON<br />SOUTH AUSTRALIA ERNABELLA<br />ST VIDGEONS<br />SUPPLEJACK<br />TANUMBIRINI<br />TENNANT CREEK 2<br />TENNANT CREEK 3<br />TI TREE STATION<br />TIMBER CREEK<br />TODD RIVER<br />ULURU<br />URAPUNGA<br />UTOPIA 1<br />UTOPIA 3<br />VICTORIA RIVER DOWNS 1<br />WARRABRI 1<br />WARRABRI 4<br />WARRABRI 5<br />WATERLOO<br />WAVE HILL 1<br />WAVE HILL 2<br />WAVE HILL 3<br />WAVE HILL 4<br />WAVE HILL 5<br />WAVE HILL 6<br />WAVE HILL 8<br />WAVE HILL 9<br />WAVE HILL 11<br />WESTERN AUSTRALIA HALLS CREEK BALGO KUNUNURRA<br />YAMBAH<br />YUENDUMU 1<br />YUENDUMU 2<br />YUENDUMU 3<br />YUENDUMU 4<br />AMOONGUNA<br />BAGOT 1<br />BAGOT 2<br />KURRUNDI</div><div><br /></div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-16532851997001607942023-01-04T15:46:00.003-08:002023-01-04T15:46:51.720-08:00The Moore River Native Settlement<p> The Moore River Native Settlement - Timeline and Burial Register is available <a href="https://www.dlgsc.wa.gov.au/department/publications/publication/moore-river-native-settlement-burial-register" target="_blank"><b>here</b></a> .</p>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-76232617579705959912022-06-21T12:58:00.000-07:002022-06-21T12:58:25.219-07:00Applying geoarchaeological principles to marine archaeology (W.A.)<div style="text-align: left;">A new article in the journal Geoarchaeology. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Applying geoarchaeological principles to marine archaeology: A reappraisal of the 'first marine' and 'in situ' lithic scatters in the Dampier Archipelago, NW Australia</div><div>Ingrid Ward, Piers Larcombe, Peter J Ross and Chris Fandry</div><div>Geoarchaeology 2022</div><div><br /></div><div>Abstract</div><div><br /></div><div><i>The absence of known prehistoric underwater cultural heritage (UCH) sites on theAustralian inner shelf stands in stark contrast to the thousands of sites revealedelsewhere in the world. Two recent claims—Dortch et al. (D2019) and Benjamin et al.(B2020)—put forward the first in situ (i.e., primary context) UCH sites in the shallowwaters of the Dampier Archipelago, North West Australia, each arguing that thestone artefact scatters are at least 7000 years old and are now submerged becauseof postglacial sea‐level rise. We present new hydrodynamic modelling and data oncoastal erosion and bathymetry, and reassess each site's sedimentary setting andarchaeological site‐formation history. D2019 and B2020 clearly present lithiccultural artefacts, but the arguments for their sites being of primary context andreflecting early Holocene land surfaces are mistaken. Rather, these sites occur in theintertidal zone, and many or all artefacts are likely to have been reworked. Sites ofsecondary context, if treated appropriately, can inform our understanding of site‐formation process and change, and may support more powerful contributions tosubmerged archaeology than attempts to seek the first or the oldest.</i></div><div><br /></div><div>The full article is available <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/gea.21917" target="_blank"><b>here</b></a> . </div><div><br /></div><div>The article this paper refers to appears in a blog entry on this site dated July 5, 2020.</div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-41438961819043647812022-06-16T12:34:00.000-07:002022-06-16T12:34:29.461-07:00Gamilaraay People (QUD 290 of 2017) Native Title Authorisation<div>Gamilaraay People (QUD 290 of 2017) Native Title Authorisation</div><div><br /></div><div>The claim area is south of St George and centred on Thallon, Talwood and St George.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Gamilaraay People are currently described as the
descendants of:</div><div><br /></div><div>1. Beeswing and his daughter Lucy Long</div><div>2. Kitty [Dunn]</div><div>3. Reuben Bartman</div><div>4. Mary Ann, mother of William Arnold</div><div>5. George Bennett and Mary Moodie</div><div>6. Harry Denham</div><div>7. Maude Dixon/Hill</div><div>8. Charlie Hippi</div><div>9. James McGowan, father of Aggie, Annie and Kate McGowan</div><div>10. Phoebe Munday</div><div>11. William Trapman/Troutman</div><div>12. William (Billy) Whightman</div><div>13. Eliza Weatherall</div><div>14. Kitty, mother of Charles, Jack and Alice Dennison</div><div>15. Walter/William Marley</div><div>16. Lennie Jane Smith/Rodwell</div><div>17. Mary Ann and Murray, parents of George and Ada Murray</div><div>18. Charles Cubby and Lucy Ann</div><div>19. Billy Edwards</div><div>20. Jonathon Flick and Mary Ann</div><div>21. Eliza Kirk</div><div>22. Mary McGrady</div><div>23. William Hilbert Saunders</div><div>24. Whalan Johnny</div><div>25. Sarah Witon and Witson/Wilson/Murphy</div><div><br /></div><div>All Gamilaraay People as currently described above and over the age of 18 who attend the First Authorisation Meeting, will be asked to consider authorising the following amendments to the native title claim group by adding the <span style="color: red;">underlined words</span> to and removing the <span style="color: #2b00fe;">striked through words</span></div><div>from the description of the Gamilaraay People.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Native Title Holders are the Gamilaraay People. The Gamilaraay People are <span style="color: #2b00fe;">the persons who</span> are descendants of <span style="color: red;">one or more of</span> the following people:</div><div><br /></div><div>1. Beeswing and his daughter Lucy Long;</div><div>2. Kitty, mother of Charles, Jack and Alice Dennison;</div><div>3. <span style="color: red;">Kathleen</span> ‘Kitty’ <span style="color: red;">Brown</span> [Dunn];</div><div>4. Mary Ann, mother of William Arnold;</div><div>5. Mary Ann and Murray, parents of George and Ada Murray;</div><div>6. Reuben Bartman;</div><div>7. George Bennett and Mary Moodie;</div><div>8. Charles Cubby and Lucy Ann;</div><div>9. Harry Denham; <span style="color: #2b00fe;">Maude Dixon/Hill</span>;</div><div>10. Billy Edwards;</div><div>11. Jonathon Flick and Mary Ann;</div><div>12. Charlie Hippi;</div><div>13. Eliza Kirk;</div><div>14. Walter/William Marley;</div><div>15. James McGowan, father of Aggie, Annie and Kate McGowan;</div><div>16. Mary McGrady;</div><div>17. Phoebe Munday;</div><div>18. <span style="color: #2b00fe;">William Hilbert Saunders</span> <span style="color: red;">James Saunders and Sarah Pye/Bucknell/McGintie</span>;</div><div>19. Lennie Jane Smith/Rodwell;</div><div>20. William Trapman/Troutman;</div><div>21. <span style="color: red;">Whalean</span> Johnny;</div><div>22. William (Billy) Wightman;</div><div>23. Sarah Witon aka Witson/Wilson/Murphy;</div><div>24. Eliza Weatherall; or</div><div>25. <span style="color: red;">Jimmy Hinch</span>.</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">These amendments are proposed following further anthropological research and negotiations with the State. The amendments would not remove any members of the claim group. The amendments will potentially add members to the claim group.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Appeared in the Koori Mail dated June 15, 2022</div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-6131879451437888792022-06-16T00:26:00.001-07:002022-06-16T00:26:27.007-07:00Wadja People Native Title Authorisation Meeting<div>Wadja People Native Title Authorisation Meeting</div><div><br /></div><div>The claim area is centred on Bauhinia in Central Queensland</div><div><br /></div><div>The native title claim group for the Application is comprised of all the persons descended from the following Wadja ancestors:</div><div><br /></div><div>1. Myra Freeman</div><div>2. Biddy Dutton, mother of Harriet Dutton</div><div>3. Sarah Dodd</div><div>4. Unnamed Wadjainggo woman whose Granddaughter was Eva Tyson</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Appeared in the Koori Mail dated June 15, 2022 </div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-81755189603458317382022-06-06T12:40:00.001-07:002022-06-06T12:40:55.723-07:00Authorisation Meeting of the Gomeroi People Native Title Claim Group (NSD 37/2019)<div>The area that is the subject of the Gomeroi Claim is bounded by the NSW/QLD state border in the north, the western slopes of the New England Tableland in the east, the Hunter and Goulburn Rivers in the south and the Castlereagh River in the west.</div><div><br /></div><div>The meeting is open to all members of the native title claim group in the Gomeroi People native title determination application (NSD37/2019) (‘Gomeroi Claim Group’, ‘the Claim Group’ and ‘Gomeroi Claim’ respectively), being all the descendants of the following apical ancestors:</div><div><br /></div><div>1. Thomas Pitt (who was born in 1838);</div><div>2. Billy Barlow (who was born in Tycannah in 1835);</div><div>3. Peter James Cutmore (who was born in Tycannah in 1849);</div><div>4. James Swan (who was born in Combadello in 1825);</div><div>5. Harriett Wyndham (who was born in Mungie Bundie in 1863);</div><div>6. William Levy (who was born in Terry Hie Hie in 1867);</div><div>7. Sally Nerang (who was born in Terry Hie Hie circa 1840);</div><div>8. Eliza Barlow (who was born in Terry Hie Hie circa 1860);</div><div>9. Kitty Dangar (who was born in Walgett in 1837);</div><div>10. William Clark (who was born in Collarenebri in 1845);</div><div>11. Murray Ippai (who was born in Collarenebri);</div><div>12. Mary Ann Ippai (who was born on the Barwon River);</div><div>13. Edward Morgan (who was born in Dungalear in 1855);</div><div>14. Nancy Morgan (who was born in Dungalear in 1861);</div><div>15. Robert Nicholls (who was born in Collarenebri in 1842);</div><div>16. Frank Mundy (who was born in Collymongle in 1872);</div><div>17. Lena Combo (who was born in Mogil Mogil in 1876);</div><div>18. Jack Thunderbolt (who was born in Walgett in 1847);</div><div>19. Betsy Yates (also known as Polly Yates and Polly Burras) (who was born on the Barwon River circa 1860);</div><div>20. Jenny (who was born in Walgett circa 1840);</div><div>21. Dick Silk (who was born in Walgett);</div><div>22. Fred Parker (who was born in Gingie in 1864);</div><div>23. Murray Rook (who was born in Collarenebri in 1865);</div><div>24. Ethel Tinker (who was born in Mercadool circa 1878);</div><div>25. Emily McPherson (who was born in Collarenebri in 1892);</div><div>26. Billy Whitford (who was born in 1828);</div><div>27. King Robert Cobbler (who was born in Mogil Mogil in 1855);</div><div>28. Billy Wightman (who was born in Kunopia in 1813);</div><div>29. John McGrady (who was born in Moree in 1853);</div><div>30. William Dennison (who was born in Kunopia in 1843);</div><div>31. Charlie Dennison (who was born circa 1846-1866);</div><div>32. Alice Dennison (who was born in Moree circa 1863 -1873);</div><div>33. Lucy Long (who was born in Boomi circa 1850);</div><div>34. Minnie Lance (who was born in Boomi circa 1868);</div><div>35. Harry Denham;</div><div>36. Charles Cubby (who was born on the Boomi River);</div><div>37. Sarah Wilson (also known as Sarah Murphy and Sarah Witman) (who was born in Kunopia in 1868);</div><div>38. Reuben Bartman (who was born in Boomi in 1876);</div><div>39. Billy Dunn (who was born in Mungindi);</div><div>40. William Edwards (who was born in Thallon);</div><div>41. Queen Susan (who was born in Welltown);</div><div>42. Phoebe Munday-Williams (who was born in Mungindi in 1864);</div><div>43. George Bennett (who was born in Mungindi in 1873);</div><div>44. Amelia Bell (also known as Amelia Brown) (who was born in Bingara in 1862);</div><div>45. William Snow (who was born in Tamworth or Moonbi in 1855);</div><div>46. Francis Snow (who was born in Tamworth in 1858);</div><div>47. Matilda Wyndham (who was born in Bingara in 1842);</div><div>48. Thomas Duke (who was born in Bingara in 1847);</div><div>49. Teasie Griffen (also known as Jessie Griffen and Ellen Griffen) (who was born in Barraba in 1859);</div><div>50. Mary Anne Hammond (who was born in Tamworth in 1836);</div><div>51. Elizabeth Guest (also known as Eliza Gillan) (who was born in Liverpool Plains in 1840);</div><div>52. Jane Maloney (who was born in Walhallow in 1838);</div><div>53. Mary Ann Healy (who was born in Murrurundi in 1829);</div><div>54. Thomas Taylor (who was born in Coolah in 1836);</div><div>55. Elizabeth Loder (also known as Elizabeth Bates) (who was born in Murrurundi in 1843);</div><div>56. Sarah Gatehouse (who was born in Aberdeen in 1835);</div><div>57. William Duncomb (who was born in Muswellbrook circa 1830);</div><div>58. John Morris Tighe (who was born in 1852);</div><div>59. Susan Bishop-Young (also known as Susan Dangar) (who was born in Warialda);</div><div>60. Sarah Murphy (who was born in 1846);</div><div>61. Thomas French (who was born in Scone in 1825);</div><div>62. John Thomas Bates (who was born on the Mooki River in 1840);</div><div>63. Alexander Nean (who was born in Liverpool Plains in 1843);</div><div>64. David Johnson (who was born in Cassilis circa 1838-1844);</div><div>65. Mary Orr (also known as Nellie Orr) (who was born in Garrawilla in 1853);</div><div>66. Julia Campbell (who was born on the Castlereagh River circa 1833-1834);</div><div>67. Annie Jendis (who was born in Burbagate in 1845);</div><div>68. Harriet Munro (who was born in Gunnedah in 1867);</div><div>69. Alice Eliza Natty (who was born on the Namoi River near Boggabri in 1857);</div><div>70. James Tighe (who was born in Coonabarabran in 1842);</div><div>71. William Tighe (who was born in Toorawandi in 1844);</div><div>72. Patrick Tighe (who was born in Coonabarabran in 1852);</div><div>73. Jane Tighe (who was born in 1864);</div><div>74. Mary Jane Griffin (also known as ‘Old Ibidah’);</div><div>75. Susan Slater (who was born in Coonabarabran in 1839);</div><div>76. Thomas Leslie (who was born in Kirban circa 1850-1854);</div><div>77. James Leslie (who was born in Armatree in 1853);</div><div>78. Ellen Fuller (who was born in Rockgidgiel in 1854);</div><div>79. Sarah Hughes (who was born in Coonabarabran circa 1834-1859);</div><div>80. James Cole (who was born in 1845);</div><div>81. Mary Ann Hall (who was born on the Castlereagh River in 1840);</div><div>82. Samuel Bruce Smith (who was born in Tambar Springs circa 1860 – 1863);</div><div>83. Elizabeth Ann Smith (who was born in Mullaley in 1866);</div><div>84. William Green (also known as William Edwards) (who was born in Kings Plains near Inverell in 1853);</div><div>85. Angus Landsborough (who was born in Newstead in 1867);</div><div>86. Patrick Landsborough (who was born in Newstead in 1872);</div><div>87. Alec Brown (who was born in Bundarra in 1873);</div><div>88. Margaret King (who was born in Gummin Gummin near Gulargambone circa 1854-1858);</div><div>89. William James King (who was born in Coonabarabran circa 1851-</div><div>90. Florence May Blackman (also known as Louisa Florima Blackman) (who was born in Coonamble in 1846);</div><div>91. Euphemia Blackman (who was born on the Castlereagh River in 1851);</div><div>92. Henry Arthur Yates (who was born in Coonamble in 1860);</div><div>93. Betsy Yates (who was born in Wingadee in 1854);</div><div>94. Annie Day (who was born in Bullarora Station near Coonamble circa 1871-1876);</div><div>95. Army Toomey (who was born in Wingadee near Coonamble in 1886);</div><div>96. Maria Clare Hall (who was born in Gulargambone circa 1830-1833);</div><div>97. Thomas Carney (who was born in Tonderburine in 1852);</div><div>98. Jim Duncan (who was born in Coonamble in 1854);</div><div>99. Thomas Reid (who was born in Cuttabri in 1840);</div><div>100. Thomas John Blacklock (who was born in Terembone in 1851);</div><div>101. Thomas Dangar (who was born in Drilldool in 1857);</div><div>102. Harry Doolan (who was born in Pilliga in 1855);</div><div>103. George Green (who was born in 1851);</div><div>104. Lucy Barr (who was born in Boggabri in 1851);</div><div>105. Peggy Reid (who was born in Cuttabri in 1836);</div><div>106. Julia Jane Saunders (who was born in Wee Waa in 1845);</div><div>107. William Newman (who was born in Cuttabri in 1807);</div><div>108. Emma Dingwell (who was born in Bograh Station near Narrabri in 1864);</div><div>109. Kate Purser (who was born in Narrabri in 1863);</div><div>110. Mary Ann Lucas (who was born in Millie in 1840);</div><div>111. Frank Maybury (who was born in Killarney Station near Narrabri circa 1840);</div><div>112. Charlotte Hagan (also known as Charlotte Keegan) (who was born in Narrabri circa 1850-1870);</div><div>113. Nellie Combo (who was born in Wallah Station near Narrabri in 1850) and</div><div>114. Mary Peake (who was born in Narrabri in 1848)</div><div><br /></div><div>Descendants include persons who are descendants by adoption according to traditional law and custom.</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Appeared in the Koori Mail dated June 1, 2022 </div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-90614492835726826732022-05-30T14:31:00.001-07:002022-05-30T14:31:43.147-07:00Ancient proteins resolve controversy over the identity of Genyornis eggshell<div style="text-align: left;">Ancient proteins resolve controversy over the identity of Genyornis eggshell</div><div style="text-align: left;"><div>Beatrice Demarchi et al</div><div>PNAS May 24, 2022, Preprint, e2109326119</div><div><br /></div><div><div>Abstract follows </div><div><br /></div><div>"<i>The realization that ancient biomolecules are preserved in “fossil” samples has revolutionized archaeological science. Protein sequences survive longer than DNA, but their phylogenetic resolution is inferior; therefore, careful assessment of the research questions is required. Here, we show the potential of ancient proteins preserved in Pleistocene eggshell in addressing a longstanding controversy in human and animal evolution: the identity of the extinct bird that laid large eggs which were exploited by Australia’s indigenous people. The eggs had been originally attributed to the iconic extinct flightless bird Genyornis newtoni (†Dromornithidae, Galloanseres) and were subsequently dated to before 50 ± 5 ka by Miller et al. [Nat. Commun. 7, 10496 (2016)]. This was taken to represent the likely extinction date for this endemic megafaunal species and thus implied a role of humans in its demise. A contrasting hypothesis, according to which the eggs were laid by a large mound-builder megapode (Megapodiidae, Galliformes), would therefore acquit humans of their responsibility in the extinction of Genyornis. Ancient protein sequences were reconstructed and used to assess the evolutionary proximity of the undetermined eggshell to extant birds, rejecting the megapode hypothesis. Authentic ancient DNA could not be confirmed from these highly degraded samples, but morphometric data also support the attribution of the eggshell to Genyornis. When used in triangulation to address well-defined hypotheses, paleoproteomics is a powerful tool for reconstructing the evolutionary history in ancient samples. In addition to the clarification of phylogenetic placement, these data provide a more nuanced understanding of the modes of interactions between humans and their environment.</i>" </div></div><div><br /></div><div>The full article is available <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2109326119" target="_blank"><b>here</b></a> .</div><div><br /></div></div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-1066926066881524522022-03-19T00:29:00.002-07:002022-03-19T00:29:54.303-07:00Native Title Authorisation Meeting Chepara & Wangerriburra People<p> Native Title Authorisation Meeting 18 June 2017 Chepara & Wangerriburra People</p><div><div>Chepara People</div><div>Yuggara / Yugarapul language of the coastal (Chepara) Moreton mainland water catchment basins including Pine Rivers, lower to mid Brisbane River, Bremer River & Logan River</div><div><br /></div><div>The Chepara People may comprise of those people who are descended from the following ancestors:</div><div><br /></div><div>Regional Chepara (“C”) - Areas “C-NE” & “C-SW”</div><div>• Bungaree/Sandy ancestors in particular:</div><div>o John/Jack Bungaree/Sandy and wife Mary Ann Sandy nee Mitchell;</div><div>o Alexander Sandy and wife Paimba/Mary Ann Mitchell;</div><div>o Kerwalli/ Gairballie/King Sandy;</div><div>o Sandy and wife Nancy (in particular Jeel bungbin/ Mrs Lizzie Mitchell nee Sandy);</div><div>o Lizzie Sandy (in particular her son William/Billy Brown);</div><div><br /></div><div>and</div><div><br /></div><div>Chepara North East area (“C-NE”) - Lower river water catchment basins 3</div><div>• Bilinba/King Jackey Jackey/King Jacky and three wivesNellie, Mary and third wife Sarah, who was related to brother-in-law Minnippi Rawlings, King of Tingalpa (in particular his grand daughter Lily Williams who married Lindsay Sandy);</div><div>• Queen Kitty Delaney (the wife of Menvil Wanmaurn/Jackie Delaney of the Pine Rivers in particular daughter Topsy/Goongarnjin who married William/Billy Brown).</div><div><br /></div><div>and</div><div><br /></div><div>Chepara South West area (“C-SW”) - Upper river water catchments basins</div><div>• Moolpajo/King Toby and wife Maria (in particular daughters Bunjoey/Susan & Maggie, the mother/s of Peter Long);</div><div>• Giddeel Bean /Jerry Ben and wife Boonjeen/Annie (in particular daughter Sarah Ben’s children Doon-be-an/Robert Logan and Jane Logan/Boyd);</div><div>• Naygir/Williams (in particular William and Emily Williams grand daughter Lily Williams who married Lindsay Sandy);</div><div>• Yarry (in particular his son Fred Yarry).</div><div><br /></div><div>Separate Claim Area: Quandamooka Coast Claim (NNTT QC2017/004) mainland area overlap including parts of Tingalpa Creek – Refer to Attachment C Map on NNTT website</div><div><br /></div><div>Chepara Peoples</div><div>Yugambeh & Yugarapul languages Migun Burra (Christmas Creek) & Beaudesert (Derraranbull/Mununjali) - area “C-SW2”</div><div><br /></div><div>The Chepara Peoples may comprise of those people who are descended from the following ancestors:</div><div><br /></div><div>• Bungaree/Sandy ancestors in particular:</div><div>o John/Jack Bungaree/Sandy and wife Mary Ann Sandy nee Mitchell;</div><div>o Alexander Sandy and wife Paimba/Mary Ann Mitchell;</div><div>o Sandy and wife Nancy (in particular Jeel bungbin/ Mrs Lizzie Mitchell nee Sandy);</div><div>o Lizzie Sandy (in particular her son William/Billy Brown);</div><div>• Moolpajo/King Toby and wife Maria (in particular daughters Bunjoey/Susan & Maggie, the mother/s of Peter Long);</div><div>• Giddeel Bean /Jerry Ben and wife Boonjeen/Annie (in particular daughter Sarah Ben’s children Doon-be-an/Robert Logan and Jane Logan/Boyd);</div><div>• Naygir/Williams (in particular William and Emily Williams grand daughter Lily Williams who married Lindsay Sandy);</div><div>• Bilinba/King Jackey Jackey/King Jacky and first wife Nellie (in particular his grand daughter Lily Williams who married Lindsay Sandy);</div><div>• Yarry (in particular his son Fred Yarry);</div><div>• Boonbeal/Culham/Coolum (in particular Lena Culham, Maud Brown nee Culham, Joe Culham/Coolum & Lucy Coolwell nee Culham);</div><div>• Joseph/Joe Coolwell (the son of Jenny and Coolwell) and Polly Allen/Dalton (in particular Eva, Edward, Rose, Campbell, Michael & Andrew).</div><div><br /></div><div>Wangerriburra People</div><div>Yugambeh language of the Wangerr Burra (mid Albert River & Upper Coomera River - area “W”) water catchment basins</div><div><br /></div><div>The Wangerriburra People may comprise of those people who are descended from the following ancestors:</div><div><br /></div><div>• Boonbeal/Culham/Coolum (in particular Lena Culham, Maud Brown nee Culham, Joe Culham/Coolum & Lucy Coolwell nee Culham);</div><div>• Joseph/Joe Coolwell (the son of Jenny and Coolwell) and Polly Allen/Dalton (in particular Eva, Edward, Rose, Campbell, Michael & Andrew)</div></div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-35665990680079000362022-03-07T22:39:00.001-08:002022-03-07T22:39:46.683-08:00Kabi Kabi First Nation Traditional Owners ILUA<p> Kabi Kabi First Nation Traditional Owners ILUA - Great Sandy National Park (Cooloola)</p><p>The Kabi Kabi First Nation Traditional Owners are tthe descendants of one or more of the following people :</p><div style="text-align: left;">Maggie Cadenti/Cadente/Cantidi: “Maggie”<br />George Parson<br />Albert Williams<br />Ngimburum<br />Kaloma-kuta/Galmaguda/Haloma-kuta/Kal-ma-kuta<br />Willie Kina<br />Susan Andy<br />Jacky Ball (or Baul)<br />Maggie Cain/Caine<br />James Crow/Crowe<br />Maggie Palmer<br />Emma Dunne<br />William/Billy Glenbar<br />Annie Laurie<br />May Burnett<br />Tuppernywoe/”King” Tommy of Noosa<br />Dundalli<br />Sarah Di:naba Moreton<br />Marian/Mary Ann Thompson<br />Towcha</div><p>(b) Who identify as and are recognised as members of the Kabi Kabi First Nation Traditional Owners in accordance with the system of traditional laws and customs.</p><p>Appeared in the Courier Mail dated March 5, 2022</p>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-86913450047407607902022-03-07T20:59:00.003-08:002022-03-07T20:59:36.665-08:00 Gangali Narra Widi Aboriginal Corporation ILUA Meeting<p> Gangali Narra Widi Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC ICN 8363 Notice of Indigenous Land Use Agreement Meetings.</p><p>"The Gangali Narra Widi Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC ICN 8363 (GNC) holds the native title as the agent for the Widi common law native title holders and has been negotiating an Indigenous Land Use Agreement (ILUA), Project Agreement and a Cultural Heritage Management Plan (Agreements) in relation to the BHP Mitsui Coal Pty Ltd (BMC) South Walker Mine. The proposed ILUA Agreement Area (see map below) includes BMCs existing mining interests including; ML 4750, ML 4751, MDL 235, EPC 1647, EPC 2071 and EPC 2109. GNC and BMC have reached in principle agreement and in accordance with the Native Title (Prescribed Bodies Corporate) Regulations 1999 (Cth) GNC is required to conduct consent and consultation meetings with the Widi Common Law Native Title Holders."</p><p>The Widi Common Law Native Title Holders are those persons who are descended from one or more of the apical ancestors listed in the Widi#2 people’s native title determination, being:</p><p>Jean White, mother of Albert Butterworth;</p><p>Mr Clark (‘of Suttor Station’) & Jinny (of ‘Stockton Station’), whose known children are Charlie Clark and Dick Clark;</p><p>Jinny (of ‘Stockton Station), whose known child (with Mr Watson) is Charlie Watson;</p><p>Siblings Tommy Emmerson/Iffley and Arthur Emmerson;</p><p>Roger (‘of Nebo district’), whose known child is Emily Rogers;</p><p>Neddy Thorney, whose known child is Sarah Mate Mate nee Thorney/Sauney;</p><p>Sophie (‘of Nebo’), whose known children are Jack Skeen, William Skeen, Norman Skeen, Elsie Skeen and Mary Skeen; (h) Dick (‘of Nebo’), whose known child is Sam Murray;</p><p>Billy (‘of Nebo’) & Molly (of ‘Oxford Downs Station’), whose known children are Jessie and Billy Sullivan;</p><p>Harry Monsell Snr (‘of Lake Elphinstone’) whose known children are Lily Sullivan, Flora Doyle and Harry Monsell Jnr;</p><p>King (‘of Fort Cooper’) & Meg (‘of Fort Cooper’), whose known children are Johnny, Mick, Mitchell Dalton, Paddy, Emma and Annie;</p><p>Ida, whose known child is Rene Hess (‘from Nebo’);</p><p>Maggie, whose known children are Norman Brown Snr, George ‘Duke’ Barker and Ina Darwin.</p><p>Appeared in the Courier Mail dated March 5, 2022</p>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-51895000511543459202022-01-08T20:25:00.001-08:002022-01-08T20:25:22.510-08:00Reconceptualising a Quandamooka Storyweave of language reclamation<div style="text-align: left;"> The following article has been retracted because of widespread plagiarism.</div><div><br /></div><div><i>Reconceptualising a Quandamooka Storyweave of language reclamation</i></div><div><i>Sandra Delaney, Gian Luca Casali & Henk Huijser</i></div><div><i>International Journal of Cultural Studies 2021</i></div><div><br /></div><div>The Abstract states </div><div>"This article outlines a complex, vibrant, interweaving of language as a decolonising practice through creative outcomes. I will summarise how the Quandamooka tradition of weaving served as a theoretical framework for the reclamation of Jandai language. Shaped by a paradigm of language reclamation, it describes a Quandamooka worldview which is based on the connection Quandamooka people have with our Ancestors and our Country. The article identifies the integration of local ways of thinking and doing as a framework for the Quandamooka Storyweave, which was created to be more culturally relevant for the Elder participants, allowing them to share their stories and knowledge in more meaningful and culturally affirming ways. Lastly, the role of how the Quandamooka Storyweave, based on the symbolism of the fibre practices of our Ancestors, the Quandamooka Grannies and Grandfathers, is applied to support the reclamation of Jandai language through visual stories is discussed."</div><div><br /></div><div>Full details are available<span style="color: red;"> <a href="https://retractionwatch.com/2022/01/07/paper-on-language-reclamation-and-decolonization-plagiarized-from-eight-papers-journal-acknowledges/"><b>here</b></a></span><b>.</b></div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-43499385789198133982021-12-03T22:22:00.000-08:002021-12-03T22:22:25.408-08:00Bigambul People Native Title Authorisation Meeting<p> </p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">Bigambul Native Title Claim Queensland</h3><div class="post-header" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 10.8px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><div class="post-header-line-1"></div></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4875266035404302083" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 570px;"><strong>Bigambul Native Title Claim Queensland</strong><br /><br />This Bigambul people are the descendants of the following persons:-<br /><br /><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">Nellie Yumbeina</span><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4875266035404302083" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 570px;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">Queen Susan of Welltown</span><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4875266035404302083" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 570px;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">Jack Noble</span></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4875266035404302083" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 570px;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">Sally Murray</span></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4875266035404302083" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 570px;"><br /></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4875266035404302083" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 570px;">Appeared in the Courier Mail dated December 4, 2021</div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4875266035404302083" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 570px;"><br /></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4875266035404302083" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 570px;"><strong style="font-size: 13.2px;"><u><em>Odds and Ends</em></u></strong><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><em style="font-size: 13.2px;"></em><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><strong style="font-size: 13.2px;"><em>Blanket Distribution at Goondiwindi, 1867<br />(Colonial Secretary, COL /A92, 1867 / 1703)</em></strong><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><strong style="font-size: 13.2px;"><em></em></strong><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><em style="font-size: 13.2px;">Wallaby and gin<br />Barney<br />Policeman Jimmy<br />Tommy<br />Cranny<br />Sally<br />New Maria<br />Doody and three children<br />Billy Bow<br />Jimmy and Billy<br />Billy and Jimmy<br />Charley, in town<br />Sandy, Pickaninny<br />Jemmy Hippi<br />Sally No. 2<br />Donegan,<br />California<br />Old Mammy, Goodar<br />Billy Goat, Goodar<br />Polly Wombat<br />Nelly<br />Conrad<br />Para, Goodar<br />Davy, Goodar<br />Eliza, Goodar<br />Callandoan Jimmy<br />Tommy, Welltown<br />Wallaby, Baranga<br />Old Billy, Winton<br />Hippi Jack and gin<br />Master Sam, Goondiwindi Station<br />Dick, Goondiwindi Station<br />Maggie<br />Tommy<br />Goodar Tommy<br />Welltown Tommy<br />Jack Welltown<br />Ogle Eyed Tommy<br />Sally, gin of Jack<br />Mary, of Goodar Tommy<br />Kitty, of Ogle Eyed Tommy<br />Jerry King<br />Johnny<br />Tommy Bobby, Goodar<br />Barney, Goodar<br />Old Combo, Goodar<br />Mister Billy, his gin and his girl<br />Biddy<br />Mary Ann<br />Jimmy</em></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4875266035404302083" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 570px;"><em style="font-size: 13.2px;"><br /> </em><strong style="font-size: 13.2px;"><em>Blanket Distribution at Goondiwindi, 1868<br />(Colonial Secretary, COL /A110, 1868 / 2570)</em></strong><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><em style="font-size: 13.2px;"></em><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><em style="font-size: 13.2px;">Moka, from Umbercollie<br />Sullivan, from Welltown<br />Jack, from Welltown<br />Jimmy, from Callandoan<br />Sally, from Callandoan<br />Jessie, from Callandoan<br />Lucy, from Callandoan<br />Granny, from Billa Billa<br />Darby, from Billa Billa<br />Maria, from Goondiwindi<br />Katie, from Callandoan<br />Davey, from Billa Billa<br />Barney, from Billa Billa<br />Jimmy, from Billa Billa<br />Sandy, from Umbercollie<br />Maria No. 2, from Goondiwindi<br />Nelly, from Goondiwindi<br />Mary Ann, from Goondiwindi<br />Old Billy Bo, from Goondiwindi<br />Jack, from Goondiwindi<br />Molly, from Goondiwindi<br />Sam Marshall, from Goondiwindi<br />Dick, from Goondiwindi<br />Tommy, from Goondiwindi<br />Billy Barlow, from Winton<br />Fanny <br />Willie<br />Bungledoon? Jacky, from Callandoan<br />Billy, from Winton<br />Jacky, from Winton<br />Jimmy, from Callandoan<br />Croppy, from Welltown<br />Jimmy Bundoon, from Bengalla<br />Jimmy Bundoon, from Bengalla</em></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4875266035404302083" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 570px;"><em style="font-size: 13.2px;"><br /> </em><strong style="font-size: 13.2px;"><em>List of Aborigines who were issued with blankets at Inglewood dated May 17, 1881<br />(Queensland State Archives Item ID 847044 81/2206)</em></strong><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><em style="font-size: 13.2px;"></em><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><em style="font-size: 13.2px;"><u>Men</u></em><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><em style="font-size: 13.2px;"></em><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><em style="font-size: 13.2px;">Sam Murray<br />Paddy Go Mad<br />Connors<br />Wombat<br />Neddy<br />Greenhide Charley<br />Parramatta Jack<br />Charley<br />Boby<br />Sandy<br />Billy [Fitys?]<br />Bulldown</em><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><em style="font-size: 13.2px;"></em><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><em style="font-size: 13.2px;"><u>Women</u></em><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><em style="font-size: 13.2px;"></em><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><em style="font-size: 13.2px;">Maryanne<br />Maria<br />Mrs Connor<br />Ellen<br />Neddy's wife<br />Susan<br />Dianah<br />Sally<br />Julia<br />Alice</em><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><em style="font-size: 13.2px;"></em><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><em style="font-size: 13.2px;"><u>Children</u></em><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><em style="font-size: 13.2px;"></em><br style="font-size: 13.2px;" /><em style="font-size: 13.2px;">Annie<br />George<br />Ellen<br />Harry<br />Maria<br />Freddy<br />Edward<br />Charley<br />Alfred<br />Willie<br />Joseph</em></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4875266035404302083" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 570px;"><em style="font-size: 13.2px;"><br /></em></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4875266035404302083" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 570px;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">T</span><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">here is an article on a Queen Susan in Our Aim, Volume 29, Number 12, 1935 available <a href="https://aiatsis.gov.au/collection/featured-collections/aborigines-inland-mission"><b>here</b></a> .</span></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4875266035404302083" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 570px;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"><br /></span></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4875266035404302083" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 570px;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"><br /></span></div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-56374816390346759252021-11-26T21:10:00.002-08:002021-11-26T21:10:37.584-08:00McKellar on behalf of the Wongkumara People v State of Queensland [2020] FCA 1394<div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div><br /></div><div>McKellar on behalf of the Wongkumara People v State of Queensland [2020] FCA 1394 (<a href="https://www.judgments.fedcourt.gov.au/judgments/Judgments/fca/single/2020/2020fca1394" target="_blank"><b>here</b></a>)</div><div><br /></div><div>This case contains a lot of genealogical information including a pedigree chart titled Genealogy related to Coral King. Coral Ann King is seeking an order to be joined as a respondent to this proceeding pursuant to s 84(5) of the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth) (the NTA).</div><div><br /></div><div>It is worth reading the whole report.</div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-40363054338493229792021-11-26T20:36:00.000-08:002021-11-26T20:36:14.774-08:00Kuuku Ya’u determination [2021] FCA 1464<div>Ross on behalf of the Cape York United #1 Claim Group v State of Queensland (No 2) (Kuuku Ya’u determination) [2021] FCA 1464 ( <b><span style="color: red;"><a href="https://www.judgments.fedcourt.gov.au/judgments/Judgments/fca/single/2021/2021fca1464" target="_blank">here</a></span></b> )</div><div><br /></div><div>(1) The Native Title Holders are the Kuuku Ya’u People. The Kuuku Ya’u People are those Aboriginal persons who are descended by birth, or by adoption in accordance with the traditional laws acknowledged and the traditional customs observed by the Kuuku Ya’u group, from one or more of the following apical ancestors:</div><div><br /></div><div>(a) Johnny Doctor and Nancy (Tawamulu);</div><div>(b) Charlie Kanora;</div><div>(c) Charlie James (Flathead) Pascoe;</div><div>(d) Billy Yatuma;</div><div>(e) Hughie Temple;</div><div>(f) Annie Anderson;</div><div>(g) Topsy (wife of John George Hollingsworth);</div><div>(h) Charlie Claudie Snr;</div><div>(i) Mother of Billy Wenlock (Ukunchal);</div><div>(j) Barney Claudie;</div><div>(k) Annie Butcher;</div><div>(l) Bob Pascoe and Dick Turku (aka Dick Yennan) (siblings);</div><div>(m) Puunchukuupi (Frank Anderson);</div><div>(n) William Clark Snr (aka Willie Doctor); or</div><div>(o) Ma’a Chingal (Charlie Bamboo).</div><div><br /></div><div>The area of land and waters is described as:</div><div><br /></div><div>Commencing at the intersection of the southern boundary of the Wuthathi, Kuuku Y'au & Northern Kaanju People determination (QUD6023/2002), Hann Creek and the northern boundary of Lot 1 on CP907817, a point at Longitude 142.990404° East, and extending generally south-easterly along the centreline of that creek to the intersection with the centreline of the Pascoe River at Longitude 143.086482° East; then generally south-southwesterly along the centreline of that river to the intersection with an unnamed road (Kennedy Road/Frenchmans Road) at Latitude 12.699618° South; then generally south-easterly along the centreline of that road until the intersection with the centreline of Portland Roads Road at Longitude 143.089114° East; then easterly along the centreline of that road to the intersection with Brown Creek at Longitude 143.105466° East; then generally south easterly along the centreline of that creek until a point at Latitude 12.819886° South; then easterly to a point at Longitude 143.200592° East, Latitude 12.819711° South; then south-easterly to the northern-most point of Table Range at Latitude 12.872772° South; then generally southerly along the centreline of Table Range to its southern-most point at Latitude 12.976257° South; then south-easterly to a point on the centreline of an unnamed creek (Wachi Creek) at Longitude 143.325933° East, Latitude 13.002818° South passing through the following coordinate points:</div><div>Then generally north-easterly, then south-easterly along that creek to the intersection with an unnamed creek at Longitude 143.360605° East, Latitude 13.008177° South, passing through the following coordinate point:</div><div>Then generally easterly along the centreline of that creek to the intersection with the Lockhart River at Longitude 143.394058° East; then generally northerly along the centreline of that River until the intersection with Lloyd Bay, a point at Longitude 143.372991° East, Latitude 12.873265° South; then south-westerly to the western bank of the Lockhart River; then south-westerly then generally northerly along the high water mark passing across the mouths of any creeks and rivers to the southern bank of the Pascoe River at Latitude 12.497211° South; then northerly crossing the mouth of the Pascoe River to a point on its northern bank at Latitude 12.493660° South; then generally south-westerly along the northern bank of the Pascoe River until the intersection with the eastern most point of Lot 1 on CP907817; then northerly, then westerly along the eastern and northern boundaries of that lot back to the commencement point, (being the southern boundary of Wuthathi, Kuuku Y'au & Northern Kaanju People determination (QUD6023/2002)).</div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-69458032980086529472021-11-26T20:28:00.002-08:002021-11-26T21:11:02.713-08:00Uutaalnganu (Night Island) determination [2021] FCA 1465<div>Ross on behalf of the Cape York United #1 Claim Group v State of Queensland (No 3) (Uutaalnganu (Night Island) determination) [2021] FCA 1465 <b><span style="color: red;">( <a href="https://www.judgments.fedcourt.gov.au/judgments/Judgments/fca/single/2021/2021fca1465" target="_blank">here</a> )</span></b></div><div><br /></div><div>The Native Title Holders are the Uutaalnganu (Night Island) People. The Uutaalnganu (Night Island) People are those Aboriginal persons who are descended by birth, or by adoption in accordance with the traditional laws acknowledged and the traditional customs observed by the Uutaalnganu (Night Island) group, from one or more of the following apical ancestors:</div><div><br /></div><div>(a) Sandy Pascoe;</div><div>(b) Simon Ropeyarn;</div><div>(c) Ku’aka Yalimuku;</div><div>(d) King Fred (husband of Taltaninyu);</div><div>(e) Taltaninyu (wife of King Fred);</div><div>(f) Harry Mathers;</div><div>(g) Old Short;</div><div>(h) Maria (wife of Johnny Ilnkay Butcher);</div><div>(i) Johnny Kulwilma;</div><div>(j) Barney Marrott Senior;</div><div>(k) Old Yeila Palwu’u;</div><div>(l) Peter Underwood;</div><div>(m) Nancy (mother of Peter Night Island);</div><div>(n) Lizzie (wife of Charlie King, mother’s mother of Douglas Ropeyarn);</div><div>(o) Ada (wife of Charlie King);</div><div>(p) Rosie (mother of Alick Niger (Naiga));</div><div>(q) Mother of Billy Chungo;</div><div>(r) Utyaamu (Uchamu aka Osam aka Isagubi)</div><div>(s) Mother of Charlie Bezai; or</div><div>(t) Charlie Lockhart Senior.</div><div><br /></div><div>The claim area of land and waters is described as :</div><div><br /></div><div>Commencing at the intersection of the eastern bank of the Lockhart River and Lloyd Bay, a point at Longitude 143.377116° East, Latitude 12.869645° South and extending south-westerly across the mouth of the Lockhart River until its centre point; then generally southerly along the centreline of that river to the intersection with an unnamed creek (Wachi Creek) at Latitude 12.997983° South; then generally westerly along the centreline of that creek to the intersection with an unnamed creek at Longitude 143.360605° East; then generally north-westerly, then south-westerly along the centreline of that unnamed creek to a point at Longitude 143.325933° East, passing through the following coordinate point:</div><div>Then due south to a point on the centreline of the Great Dividing Range at Latitude 13.210972° South; then generally southerly along the centreline of the Great Dividing Range until the intersection with the southern boundary of an unnamed road at Latitude 13.362296° South (Stoney Creek Road), further described as:</div><div>Then generally southerly along the centreline of the Great Dividing Range until a point at Latitude 13.246570° South; then south to the northernmost northeast corner of Lot 450 on SP104554; then southerly along the eastern boundary of that lot until the intersection with the northern boundary of an unnamed road at Latitude 13.361150° South; then south-west along the eastern boundary of that road to a point on its southern boundary at Latitude 13.362296° South;</div><div>then generally easterly, then south-easterly bisecting the headwaters of the Nesbit River, to a point on the centreline of the Macrossan Range at Latitude 13.373304° South, also being a point on the western boundary of Lot 17 on SP104551, passing through the following coordinate points:</div><div>Then generally south-easterly along the western boundary of Lot 17 on SP104551, also the centreline of the Macrossan Range, intersecting Cone Peak at approximate Longitude 143.491676 East, and onwards until a point at Longitude 143.492882 East, until the intersection with Cone Peak at approx. Longitude 143.491676° East; then easterly to a point on the eastern boundary of Lot 16 on SP104551 at Longitude 143.567011° East, Latitude 13.370487° South (Kaapakachingunuma) passing through the following coordinate points:</div><div>then north-westerly along eastern boundary of Lot 16 on SP104551 to the eastern-most point of Lot 17 on SP104551; then northerly along the eastern boundary of that lot to again Lot 16 on SP104551; then generally northerly then westerly along the eastern and northern boundaries of that lot, passing across the mouths of any creeks and rivers, back to the commencement point.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div> </div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-77052660309412881742021-10-09T12:42:00.000-07:002021-10-09T12:42:58.315-07:00Button on behalf of the Koa People v State of Queensland [2021] FCA 1190<div><br />The Koa People are the biological and adopted descendants of one or more of the following people:</div><div><br />(a) Mary Ann Watson (mother of (at least) Zoe Button nee Watson, Topsy Mitchell, Nancy Chambers nee Watson, George Mitchell, and Valentine Mingo);<br />(b) Maria Watson (mother of Tommy Watson, George Watson, and Jack Watson);<br />(c) Jack Chermside (father of Jacob Chermside and Charlie Riley);<br />(d) Lois Tye/Tie/Tighe;<br />(e) Lucy Creed (mother of Maria Miller nee Creed aka Maria Jeffries, Timothy Creed, William ‘Trantum’ Creed, Rosie Creed, and Jack Creed); or<br />(f) Minnie Winton.<br /><br /></div><div>Some Notes from blogpost of 24 October 2019.<br /><br /></div><div>Lucy Creed buried 23. 7.1900 at Winton aged 35 years, born Hughenden<br />Bernard Smith Creed aged about 10 years, son of an unknown white man and Maria, was baptised at Yarrabah on 12. 2.1905<br />Mavis Amethyst Creed, daughter of Bernard Smith Creed and May Burnett was born at Yarrabah on 21. 5.1921<br />Bernard Euston Creed, daughter of Bernard Smith Creed and May Burnett was born at Yarrabah on 13. 2.1924<br />William John Needham Creed, son of Timothy Creed and Eulie was born at Yarrabah on 10. 7.1925<br /><br /></div><div>Valentine Mingo aged 18 years from Kynuna was exempt in 1908<br /><br /></div><div>Jacob Chermside, aged 32 years, parents Long Charlie and Maggie Churnside (Chermside) married Mary Jaro at Barambah in 1924<br />Jacob Chermside and wife Mary and children Sheila, Rachel, Maisey and Charlie were removed from Hawkwood to Cherbourg in 1933<br />Jacob Chermside, aged 32 years, parents Long Charlie and Maggie Churnside (Chermside) married Mary Jaro at Barambah in 1924<br />Jacob Chermside and wife Mary and children Sheila, Rachel, Maisey and Charlie were removed from Hawkwood to Cherbourg in 1933<br />Jack Chermside died 28. 1.1943 aged 87 years at Woorabinda<br /><br /></div><div>Lois Tighe was the mother of Mary Solomon who was born at Winton around 1879<br /><br /></div><div>Nancy Chambers aged 85 years was buried on 19. 7.1968 at Cherbourg<br />Livingstone Charles Chambers, son of Charles and Nancy Chambers was baptised at Yarrabah on 9. 2.1908<br /><br /></div><div>Zoe Button died 10. 4.1948 at Fantome Island aged 66 years, parents Billy and Mary Ann Watson<br />Zoe Button, aged 55 years, married with six children, Domestic, Residence Cherbourg Settlement, parents Billy Watson and Mary Ann transferred to Fantome Island Lazaret 8. 1.1940 from Peel Island<br />Zoe Button is mentioned in the The Caroline Tennant-Kelly Ethnographic Collection. Described as an Zoe Button an old woman, intelligent, sternly practises her rule today.</div><p><br /></p>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-34939439572389961512021-09-22T21:26:00.000-07:002021-09-22T21:26:19.374-07:00Rockland on behalf of the Waanyi People v State of Queensland [2021] FCA 1139<div style="text-align: left;">Rockland on behalf of the Waanyi People v State of Queensland [2021] FCA 1139</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The Native Title Holders are the Waanyi People.</div><div style="text-align: left;">A person is a Waanyi person if and only if:<br />(a) the other Waanyi people recognise that he or she is descended (which may include by adoption) from a person who they recognise as having been Waanyi; and</div><div style="text-align: left;">(b) the person identifies himself or herself as a Waanyi person.<br />It is accepted that adoption may take place and that where adoption has occurred it confers upon the adoptee the right to identify as being a Waanyi person.<br /><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The following deceased persons are recognised as having been Waanyi people from whom living Waanyi people may be descended:<br />(a) King George (Gundawarinya), Mary Starr (Namura), Marrandu<br />(b) Johnny Rockland (Guyanda)<br />(c) Wuragaga (including his sons Toby Daly and Charlie Walden)<br />(d) Wirduga (including her sons King Pedro and Fred Mangala), Yurumburinya, Gudurju, Jagijagi (including her children Left-hand Dick, King Darby, Violet Darby), Lagayi, and Brenda Munara (including her children Duncan Hogan, Julie Darby, Dan Darby, Clara Darby, Frank Hogan, Arthur Peterson)<br />(e) Jack Riversleigh (including his children Doris Aplin and Vera Johnny, Annie King and Elaine Cairns)<br />(f) Diana (Dina) Jackson<br />(g) Fred Mangala (including his children Jimmy Doolan, Tommy Doolan, Oscar Gregory and Queenie Bell) and King Pedro (including his children Dinny, Jock and Cubby Pedro)<br />(h) Janggali (including his son Yarribija's children: Duncan Hogan, Julie Darby, Dan Darby, Clara Darby, Frank Hogan, Arthur Peterson; and his daughter Muranji's daughters: Jamuyu and Lidi Wayawarrinya)<br />(i) King Darby, Left Hand Dick and Violet Darby<br />(j) Ruby Lilwayi (including her daughter Elsie Foster), Polly Nganduyu (including her children: Nancy Carlton, Ned George, Sally O'Keefe, Bubi Dick, Netty Malbow and Nuts Logan), May Black Nijirijbina (including her children Nancy Wilson, Nora Black, Dora Doolan nee Black and Archie Black), Ruby Gijaya (including her children Mavis Carlton, Junie Clay, Maurice Carlton, Marina Dick, Mick Miller, Murray Donaldson), and Mailman Dick Gungayamaji (including his child Ivy George Ngayaya)<br />(k) Smiler Diamond (including his children: Mick Diamond Nguyjbirri and Jack Diamond Bandangala and Sydney Punjaub and Ruby)<br />(l) Mailman Jack Libaninji (including his son Fred Carlton Gajangga, daughter Rosie and her daughter Betty Lloyd Jayinbalina, and son Ned Ngaragulanji and his children Bessie Holt and Colin Holt)<br />(m) Rosie (including her daughter Lena Saville)<br />(n) June Jacob<br />(o) Opal<br />(p) Minnie (Myboogundji)</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />The determination area is set out in the proposed determination. It commences approximately 19 kilometres northwest of Doomadgee in the vicinities of Nicholson River and Cliffdale Creek. The western-most boundary adjoins the Queensland – Northern Territory border. The eastern and south-eastern boundaries adjoin an area of land and waters where the Court recognised the native title of the Waanyi People in a determination made on 9 December 2010: Aplin on behalf of the Waanyi Peoples v State of Queensland (No 3) [2010] FCA 1515 (Dowsett J) (first Waanyi determination).</div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-29100148371987159132021-09-10T22:05:00.003-07:002021-09-18T01:49:19.170-07:00Kunja People Native Title Authorisation Processes<div>The claim area is in the region of Cunnamulla, Queensland.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Kunja People are currently described as the descendants of-</div><div><br /></div><div>1. Killamunda (including her children Margaret Turner (Granny McKellar), Annie/Nannie Widgell and Jack Brennan)</div><div>2. Flora Maranoa</div><div>3. Maria Major (including her children Jack Oliffe, Ron Wyman, Walter Wyman and Lila Lynett)</div><div>4. Jimmy Nyngan</div><div><br /></div><div>in accordance with Kunja traditional laws and customs.</div><div><br /></div><div>One purpose for the meeting is to change Flora Maranoa to Unnamed Mother of Flora Maranoa.</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Appeared in the <a href="https://koorimail.com/wp-content/uploads/NNTT-759.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><b>Koori Mail</b></span></a> dated September 8, 2021 </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Some items of interest -</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div>Correspondence dated 16.11.1940 About removal of Aboriginal Camp from Tinnenburra to Wooroorooka. Mentions at the Tinnenburra Aboriginal Camp -</div><div>Jimmy Triple F/B, about 70 years old</div><div>Willie Widgell, wife and 5 children</div><div>Kelly Been, and wife</div><div>Annie Widgell, widow</div><div>Manager of Tinnenburra Stn is going to make Willie Widgell King of Tinnenburra. The previous two Kings are dead.</div><div><br /></div><div>Donald Widgeon died on 2.10.1937 at Cunnamulla Hospital. Aged 19 yrs. Resident of Tinenburra. Parents are Willie Widgell and Annie Widgell</div><div><br /></div><div>Neddie died 14. 8.1934 at the black's camp, Bollon. Buried Bollon. Aged 80 years. Parents are Major and Jinny. Daughter is Mrs Annie Widgell, wife of Willie Widgell. They have a large family at Tinnenburra.</div><div><br /></div><div>Clerk of Petty Sessions, Quilpie, Permits for the Employment of Aborigines mentions Jimmy Nyngan, 58 yrs, origin Warrego</div><div><br /></div><div>Clerk of Petty Sessions, Quilpie Register of Aboriginal Employees mentions Jimmy Nyngan 1921 - 1923, Supposed died Tinnenburra Stn</div><div><br /></div><div>Jack Oliffe H/C, born c1898 Wyanora or c1894 Claverton Stn or 1896 Claverton, parents Jack Oliffe (white man) and Maria F/B, married Daisy Oliffe H/C</div><div><br /></div><div>Jack Oliffe, Daisy Oliffe, his wife and children from Cunnamulla removed to Barambah 1928</div><div><br /></div><div>List of civilised aboriginals between the ages of 18 and 45 years for War Census purposes in Cunnamulla District (c1915-1916) includes Jack Oliffe abode Claverton near Wyandra, occupation General Station Hand</div><div><br /></div><div>James Lynett and Leila Smith married 4. 3.1922 Cunnamulla Registered 1922/C/208)</div><div><br /></div><div>See also</div><div>Matya Mundu</div><div>A History of the Aboriginal people of South-East Queensland</div><div>H. McKellar, 1984</div></div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-3639973325523068802021-09-10T14:42:00.006-07:002021-09-18T03:21:29.806-07:00<div>Public Notice of Mitakoodi People #5 Native Title Authorisation Meeting</div><div><br /></div><div>Who may attend the Authorisation Meeting - The Authorisation Meeting is open to all persons in the current Mitakoodi # 5 native title claim group, who:</div><div>(1) principally identify as Mitakoodi People and as belonging to the traditional country of their Mitakoodi forebears;</div><div>(2) are recognised by other Mitakoodi People as the biological descendants of deceased Mitakoodi People;</div><div>(3) are the descendants of the following deceased aboriginal people - </div><div>Minnie</div><div>Thomas ‘Tiger’ Mitchell</div><div>Dinah</div><div>Topsy and </div><div>Sophie </div><div>in accordance with Mitakoodi traditional laws and customs (current Mitakoodi People # 5 claim group).</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Appeared in the <a href="https://koorimail.com/wp-content/uploads/NNTT-759.pdf" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: red;">Koori Mail</span></b></a> dated September 8, 2021 </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div>Some items of interest -</div><div><br /></div><div>Tiger Mitchell F/B, born c1870 Tullawanta Stn, mother Kitty (born c1855-1865 Lorraine Station), wife Polly Mitchell F/B (born c1875-1885 Nebo, Qld), married Palm Island, removed to Palm Island in 1928 from Cloncurry</div><div>(NB Tindale - Aged 60 yrs in 1938)</div><div><br /></div><div>Polly Mitchell F/B, born c1870 Croydon, died 11.10.1941, parents Mungi Mungi F/B and Nellie F/B, removed to Palm Island 1924, husband Tiger Mitchell F/B, married Palm Island</div><div><br /></div><div>NB Dates vary in different records</div></div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-1591865500274231462021-09-10T13:02:00.003-07:002021-09-18T19:11:01.257-07:00Eastern Kuku Yalanji National Parks Land Transfer Indigenous Land Use Agreement<div style="text-align: left;"><div>The ILUA Area is located generally between Mossman in the south and Black Mountain in the north, bordered by the Great Dividing Range to the west. Also included are East Hope, West Hope, Snapper and Struck Islands.</div><div><br /></div><div>Who should attend the ILUA Authorisation Meeting?</div><div>• All those who hold or may hold Native Title in the CYU #1 Claim Part;</div><div>• All those who hold or may hold Native Title in the Non-Claimed/Determined Part; and</div><div>• Eastern Kuku Yalanji People, being the determined Native Title</div><div>Holders for the EKY Determination Part as described in the</div><div>Federal Court of Australia decision of Walker on behalf of the</div><div>Eastern Kuku Yalanji People v State of Queensland (QC2007/002,</div><div>QUD6008/1998), being the descendants of:</div><div><br /></div><div>1. Siblings Wawuyilkinga, Lily Kajakaja, Ulurban, Kurlur, Juwalkji, Jinabaji</div><div>2. Kilkil (Gilgil) and Yougie (Emera)</div><div>3. Ngamubaralba</div><div>4. Jimmy Johnson Snr and his brothers Toby King and Peter King</div><div>5. Brothers Billy King, Willie King 1 and Willie King 2</div><div>6. Siblings Nambaji, Bijun (Dangara) and Jimmy (Mandilba) Rossville</div><div>7. Old Man Jimmy and Sarah</div><div>8. Kurukuna and Nellie</div><div>9. Bluja King Kunarra and his three wives Ngingkibaji #1 and Ngingkibaji #2, and Baral-Baral</div><div>10. Dimbanga and Mara Baril Baril</div><div>11. Sisters Mujala and Rosie</div><div>12. Brothers Dickie Springvale and Mundy Nunn</div><div>13. Jilngarr</div><div>14. Burradi and Wawu Dimbi</div><div>15. Siblings Jimmy, Polly (Jukura), Nellie (Wuynkul-baka ), Charlie (Junjurr or Munjurr), </div><div>Lily (Jabi or Chubby) Blanket</div><div>16. Rosie Gurrmurragudgee</div><div>17. Brothers George Doughboy, Toby Bloomfield and Peter Bloomfield (Kalka Jurungu)</div><div>18. Brothers Charlie Ball (Dirrakari) and Billy Collins and Davey Douglas and Sandy Peterson</div><div>19. Isabella Henderson (Wawu-kuwa)</div><div>20. Ginny Bamboo</div><div>21. Siblings Archibald (Bauly) Mossman, Jessie Mossman (Bawanya) and Billy Mossman</div><div>22. Siblings Jessie Buchanan (Babi Milbija or Narrijinya) and King Charlie Diamond</div><div>23. Henry Bloomfield</div><div>24. Yangki and Buji</div><div>25. Willy Ngamu-Darrba and his two wives Molly Kalumba and Yimaday</div><div>26. Kalkamanangu and Duraja</div><div>27. Kalkaymba</div><div>28. Rosie Maund Jankarji and her husbands Tommy Jinjarrba Lefthand, </div><div>Tommy Ngangkun Johnson (Buchanan), Barney Lunn (Lund), Billie Lunn (Lund) and </div><div>Tommy Jindalman Hide</div><div>29. Big Friday Ngamu-Ngulmbay and Ruby</div><div>30. Leslie Yerry</div><div>31. Brothers King Toby and Old Man Toby (Jinjirrba)</div><div>32. Maggie Queen</div><div>33. Siblings Miliji, Kalkabinda, Kuruwuja, Peter Smith (Marray-Marray or Murranbi or Jinakulu)</div><div>34. Kitty Wulbar (Maymi)</div><div>35. Rosie Rosie</div><div>36. Brothers Old Man Juwalba (Willie Cross-eye) and Wunbu Cross-eye</div><div>37. Jimmy Mossman</div><div>38. Wabaji</div><div>39. Old Kokoe</div><div>40. Charlie Ogilvie and Maggie</div><div>41. Old Man Yorkey and Rosie</div><div>42. George Mero</div><div>43. Old Man Kooka and Maudie</div><div>44. Jerry Wotton and Frances Diamond</div><div><br /></div><div>Appeared in the <a href="https://koorimail.com/wp-content/uploads/NNTT-759.pdf" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: red;">Koori Mail</span></b></a> dated September 8, 2021</div><div><br /></div><div>Some items of interest -</div><div><br /></div><div><div><i>The political and economic basis of Kuku-Yalanji social history</i></div><div><i>Jon Christopher Anderson B.A. (Hons.), Dip. Psych. (University of Queensland)</i></div><div><i>University of Queensland Doctor of Philosophy Thesis 1984</i></div></div><div><br /></div><div><div>Mentions</div><div><br /></div><div>The Aboriginal Employment Register for Cooktown (Q.S.A.) gives some examples of Thompson Creek men and their jobs. (The primary estate affiliation of the men is shown in brackets.):</div><div>Henry Bloomfield of Bloomfield [Buruwarra man. Norman Baird's wife's brother]. 31 yrs. Employed from 1/1/27 by E.P. Feinn, mail contractor of Ayton as horseboy. Same for 24/1/28.</div><div>Henry Bloomfield employed by Bowden Pearling Co. from 26/6/28. </div><div>Pinky of Bloomfield [Wuialwuialwarra]. 50 yrs. Employed from 24/2/30 by L.J.Neill, mailman as horseboy.</div><div>Pinkie of Bloomfield. 45 yrs. Employed from 22/10/27 by E.G. Olufson, farmer of Bloomfield as yardboy.</div><div>Willie Burchell of Bloomfield [upper Daintree man]. Employed from 8/2/30 by Arthur Pierce, packer of Bloomfield as horseboy.</div><div>Willie Burchell. 12 years. Same for 1931.</div><div>Matty Boathoy of Bloomfield [Kangkiiiwarra]. Employed from 8/4/29 by Edward Pitt, fisherman of Bloomfield.</div><div>Charlie Ball of Bloomfield [Wuialwuialwarra]. 38 yrs. Employed from 7/2/28 by Bowden Pearling Co.</div><div>Johnny Baird of Bloomfield [Buruwarra]. Employed from 31/1/28 by Bowden Pearling Co.</div><div>Charlie Ogilvie of Bloomfield [upper Daintree man]. 56 years. Employed from 18/1/26 by E.Feinn, mail contractor of Ayton as horseboy. Same for 3/4/28 and 1/1/29.</div><div>Charlie Ogilvie employed from 12/3/27 by Thomas Pierce, farmer of Bloomfield.</div><div>Johnny Ogilvie of Bloomfield [son of Charlie]. Employed from 20/2/29 by Th. Pierce, miner of Bloomfield.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Aboriginal Employment Register (Cooktown) confirms that Banabila men were on the boats in the 1920s and 30s, although the records are scanty. This may mean the record is incomplete or that very few out of the total number who worked on boats actually signed on:</div><div>Alec Olbar [Wulbar's son]. Employed from 21/1/29 by Bowden Pearling Co. 50/month. Same for 1928 and 1930.</div><div>Jimmy Kerry [ditto] . Employed from 14/2/28 by Bowden Pearling Co. 50/month.</div><div>Billy Mapoon [ditto] . Employed from 24/1/28 by Wyben Pearling Co. 55/month.</div><div>Oscar Olbar [ditto] . Employed from 24/1/28 by Wyben Pearling Co. 55/month.</div><div>Other jalunii men who sometimes camped at Banabila and who worked on boats were:</div><div>Corporal Medium [Julkurwarra]. Employed from 24/1/28 by Bowden Pearling Co. of Thursday Is.</div><div>George Doughboy [Kangkiiiwarra]. Employed from 21/1/29 by Horey & Co.</div><div>Georgie Bamboo [Doughboy's B-S]. Employed from 21/1/29 by Bowden Pearling Co. Same in 1928.</div></div></div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3901891796229886020.post-15012617471779298202021-08-24T13:00:00.000-07:002021-08-24T13:00:25.551-07:00Warrgamay People v State of Queensland [2021] FCA 977<div>Warrgamay People v State of Queensland [2021] FCA 977 <a href="https://www.judgments.fedcourt.gov.au/judgments/Judgments/fca/single/2021/2021fca0977" target="_blank"><b>here </b></a>.</div><div><br /></div><div>The claim area is north west of Townsville and centred on Abergowrie.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Warrgamay People are the biological and adopted (in accordance with traditional law and custom) descendants of the following people:</div><div>(a) John Tooth (father of Beryl Tooth and others);</div><div>(b) Maggie (mother of Cocky, also known as Cockie, and Manala, and grandmother of Lambert Cocky);</div><div>(c) Annie Tim (mother of Kathleen Saunders, Agnes Cooktown and others);</div><div>(d) Elsie Barnes (mother of William Morganson and others);</div><div>(e) Harry Ingham and Jinnie (or Jennie and Jeannie) (parents of Mark also known as Sam Smith, Laura Jackson and others);</div><div>(f) Bien (father of Peter, Esau and Annie);</div><div>(g) Kitty (mother of Alice Wye, Ivy Wyles and Nora Boyd);</div><div>(h) Rosie (mother of Charlie Choolburra and others);</div><div>(i) Lizzie (mother of Maggie and Albert Blackman);</div><div>(j) Christina Kinch (mother of Melba Devow and others);</div><div>(k) Kitty Shepherd (mother of George Shepherd and Florence Shepherd);</div><div>(l) Annie and Alec (parents of Laura Ambrym);</div><div>(m) Billy King (father of Bridget who was wife of Esau); or</div><div>(n) Adelaide Kingsburra (mother of Marjorie Sunna and others).</div><div><br /></div>Paul Macketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06112191920479358702noreply@blogger.com0